期刊
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
卷 21, 期 6, 页码 4729-4739出版社
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-4729-2021
关键词
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资金
- National Energy Technology Laboratory's ongoing research 30 under the Natural Gas Infrastructure [DOE 1022424]
- U.S. Department of Energy
This study investigates emissions at an active Marcellus Shale well pad in the USA, identifying three main sources impacting air quality: natural gas, regional transport/photochemistry, and engine emissions. The study found that horizontal drilling phase significantly contributes to the natural gas factor, while engine emission factor increases over different well pad drilling periods. Regional transport/photochemistry factor is more pronounced during horizontal drilling and drillout stages.
The United States has experienced a sharp increase in unconventional natural gas (UNG) development due to the technological development of hydraulic fracturing. The objective of this study is to investigate the emissions at an active Marcellus Shale well pad at the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environment Laboratory (MSEEL) in Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Using an ambient air monitoring laboratory, continuous sampling started in September 2015 during horizontal drilling and ended in February 2016 when wells were in production. High-resolution data were collected for the following air quality contaminants: volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O-3), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as typical meteorological parameters (wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure). Positive matrix factorization (PMF), a multivariate factor analysis tool, was used to identify possible sources of these pollutants (factor profiles) and determine the contribution of those sources to the air quality at the site. The results of the PMF analysis for well pad development phases indicate that there are three potential factor profiles impacting air quality at the site: natural gas, regional transport/photochemistry, and engine emissions. There is a significant contribution of pollutants during the horizontal drilling stage to the natural gas factor. The model outcomes show that there is an increasing contribution to the engine emission factor over different well pad drilling periods through production phases. Moreover, model results suggest that the regional transport/photochemistry factor is more pronounced during horizontal drilling and drillout due to limited emissions at the site.
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