Urbanization can benefit agricultural production with large-scale farming in China

Urbanization has often been considered a threat to food security since it is likely to reduce the availability of croplands. Using spatial statistics and scenario analysis, we show that an increase in China's urbanization level from 56% in 2015 to 80% in 2050 would actually release 5.8 million hectares of rural land for agricultural production-equivalent to 4.1% of China's total cropland area in 2015. Even considering the relatively lower land fertility of these new croplands, crop production in 2050 would still be 3.1-4.2% higher than in 2015. In addition, cropland fragmentation could be reduced with rural land release and a decrease in rural population, benefiting large-scale farming and environmental protection. To ensure this, it is necessary to adopt an integrated urban-rural development model, with reclamation of lands previously used as residential lots. These insights into the urbanization and food security debate have important policy implications for global regions undergoing rapid urbanization. Using spatial statistics and scenario analysis, Wang et al. identify the rural land most suitable for crop production in more than 2,800 Chinese counties. They estimate that a targeted increase in China's urbanization level could release almost 6 million hectares of rural land for agriculture.

Automated summary

The increase in China's urbanization level has the potential to release rural land for agricultural production, leading to higher crop yields. This targeted urbanization could also reduce cropland fragmentation, benefiting large-scale farming and environmental protection efforts.