Optimized VAA Based Synthesis of Elliptical Cylindrical Antenna Array for SLL Reduction and Beam Thinning Using Minimum Number of Elements

In this paper, new virtual antenna array (VAA) based synthesis techniques are introduced for side lobe level (SLL) reduction, beam thinning, and number of elements minimization for elliptical cylindrical antenna arrays (ECAA) of radar systems. Thereby, significant improvements in the array gain and directivity are achieved, which enhance the detection range and angular resolution of the radar. Furthermore, the overall implementation cost of the system is highly reduced by saving the number of elements and the corresponding RF chains and simplifying the feeding network. Firstly, the proposed technique decomposes the single transmit/receive ECAA into a separate transmit linear antenna array (LAA) and receive elliptical antenna array (EAA). Secondly, the number of antenna elements, element spacing, and excitations of the created LAA and EAA are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to produce efficient beamformed patterns. Finally, the Kronker product of the optimized LAA and EAA patterns is performed to form the optimized virtual ECAA (V-ECAA) pattern. We also introduced both the uniform feeding based V-ECAA technique and the non-uniform feeding based V-ECAA synthesis technique for more flexibility and better productivity in antenna arrays design. The simulation results revealed that the uniform feeding based V-ECAA provides an identical pattern to that of the traditional uniform feeding ECAA while saves the number of elements by 66.6%. While in the case of non-uniform feeding based V-ECAA, it provides much lower SLL and narrower HPBW than those of the ECAA while saving the number of elements by 63.8%. Furthermore, the HB is applied to provide additional beam thinning and SLL reduction of the proposed non-uniform V-ECAA that is denoted as (HBV-ECAA). The possibility of practical validations of the synthesized V-ECAAs is verified using the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio package, which gives users an integrated design environment and achieves realizable and robust designs.

Automated summary

This paper introduces new synthesis techniques based on virtual antenna arrays for optimizing elliptical cylindrical antenna arrays (ECAA) in radar systems. By reducing side lobe level, beam thinning, and minimizing the number of elements, significant improvements in array gain and directivity are achieved, leading to enhanced detection range and angular resolution of the radar. The proposed techniques use particle swarm optimization to optimize the transmit and receive linear antenna arrays, leading to more efficient beamformed patterns and reduced implementation cost. Uniform and non-uniform feeding based V-ECAA synthesis techniques are introduced for more flexibility and productivity in antenna array design, with simulations showing significant reductions in the number of elements while maintaining or improving antenna performance. Practical validations of the synthesized V-ECAAs are conducted using computer simulation technology, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed design strategies.