Extrasynaptic δ-subunit containing GABAA receptors

gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA(A)Rs) are GABA gated heteropentameric chloride channels responsible for the adult brain's primary inhibition. In specific brain cells, such as in the hippocampus, one of the subtypes of GABA(A)Rs, the delta-subunit subunit containing GABA(A)Rs (delta-subunit-GABA(A)Rs), is predominantly expressed and located in extrasynaptic or perisynaptic positions. delta-GABA(A)Rs mediate a slow constant inhibitory current called tonic inhibition. Whiles-GABA(A)Rs and tonic inhibition is critical for the excitability of single neurons, accumulating data suggest that the function of delta-subunit-GABA(A)Rs are broader and includes an integrative role in the network oscillations. While these open new horizons on the neurobiology of delta-subunit-GABA(A)Rs, the complexity continues to challenge the analysis of GABA(A)Rs and their subtypes. This review will summarize the current knowledge of molecular, cellular and physiological characteristics of delta-subunit-GABA(A) Rs during health and disease.

Automated summary

GABA(A) receptors play a key role in inhibiting the adult brain, with specific subtypes like the delta-subunit-GABA(A) receptors expressed in areas like the hippocampus. These receptors, containing the delta subunit, have integrative roles in network oscillations, adding complexity to the understanding of their functions.