Analysis and Modeling of Wrinkling in Composite Forming

Different approaches for the simulation of wrinkling during forming of textile reinforcements are presented. It is shown that 3D finite element modeling requires the consideration of an additional bending stiffness of the fibers. In shell-type modeling, the bending stiffness is important because it conditions the size of the wrinkles. Different methods to take into account the bending stiffness independently of the tensile stiffness are presented. The onset and development of wrinkles during forming is a global problem that concerns all deformation modes. It is shown in examples that the shear locking angle is not sufficient to conclude about the development of wrinkles. This article highlights the two points common to the different cases of wrinkling of continuous fiber textile reinforcements: the quasi-inextensibility of the fibers and the possible slippage between the fibers. It presents and compares different approaches to consider these two aspects. The simulation of the simultaneous forming of multilayered textile reinforcements makes it possible to see the influence of the orientation of different plies which is an important factor with regard to wrinkling.

Automated summary

This article presents different approaches for simulating wrinkling during the forming of textile reinforcements, including 3D finite element modeling with consideration of additional bending stiffness of fibers and the importance of bending stiffness in shell-type modeling. It also discusses the common aspects of quasi-inextensibility of fibers and possible slippage between fibers in the development of wrinkles. Additionally, it explores the influence of fiber orientation on wrinkling during the simultaneous forming of multilayered textile reinforcements.