期刊
GENETICS
卷 217, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaa012
关键词
gene loss; evolution; GAL cluster; Dollo's law; horizontal gene transfer; yeasts; lateral gene transfer
资金
- National Science Foundation [DEB-1442113, DEB-1442148]
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-SC0018409, DE-FC02-07ER64494]
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [1020204]
- National Institutes of Health [NIAID AI105619]
- Guggenheim fellowship
- Pew Charitable Trusts
- Vilas Trust Estate
- Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education
- Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
Dollo's law suggests that evolutionary losses are irreversible, but a study on yeast shows that traits lost millions of years ago can be reacquired through horizontal gene transfer, demonstrating that reversals to ancestral states are possible.
Dollo's law posits that evolutionary losses are irreversible, thereby narrowing the potential paths of evolutionary change. While phenotypic reversals to ancestral states have been observed, little is known about their underlying genetic causes. The genomes of budding yeasts have been shaped by extensive reductive evolution, such as reduced genome sizes and the losses of metabolic capabilities. However, the extent and mechanisms of trait reacquisition after gene loss in yeasts have not been thoroughly studied. Here, through phylogenomic analyses, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the yeast galactose utilization pathway and observed widespread and repeated losses of the ability to utilize galactose, which occurred concurrently with the losses of GALactose (GAL) utilization genes. Unexpectedly, we detected multiple galactose-utilizing lineages that were deeply embedded within clades that underwent ancient losses of galactose utilization. We show that at least two, and possibly three, lineages reacquired the GAL pathway via yeast-to-yeast horizontal gene transfer. Our results show how trait reacquisition can occur tens of millions of years after an initial loss via horizontal gene transfer from distant relatives. These findings demonstrate that the losses of complex traits and even whole pathways are not always evolutionary dead-ends, highlighting how reversals to ancestral states can occur.
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