Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Scutellarein on Melanogenesis

Fairer skin is preferred in many Asian countries and there is a high demand for skin whitening and lightening products. However, in recent years, problems related to the safety of using whitening agents have emerged. This study demonstrates that plant-derived scutellarein effectively inhibits melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. However, baicalein, which is similar to scutellarein in its chemical structure, does not show any inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. Cellular tyrosinase activity is decreased by scutellarein in a dose-dependent manner. No cytotoxicity is observed at the effective concentration range. Additionally, both the protein and mRNA levels of tyrosinase are significantly decreased by scutellarein. Further, the risk of leukoderma development also is determined by evaluating the production of free hydroxyl radicals (OH); scutellarein treatment does not induce OH production. Scutellarein shows no risk of causing leukoderma. Our results suggest that scutellarein or plant extracts containing high concentrations of scutellarein have the potential to inhibit melanin production and serve as cosmetic skin-lightening agents.

Automated summary

Scutellarein effectively inhibits melanin production in B16 melanoma cells, while baicalein does not show this effect. The inhibitory effect of scutellarein is achieved by decreasing tyrosinase activity and reducing protein and mRNA levels of tyrosinase, without inducing the production of hydroxyl radicals (OH), thus showing no risk of causing leukoderma. Scutellarein or plant extracts containing high concentrations of scutellarein have the potential to serve as cosmetic skin-lightening agents.