期刊
FRONTIERS IN SYNAPTIC NEUROSCIENCE
卷 13, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.672891
关键词
semaphorins; plasticity; perineuronal net; schizophrenia; epilepsy; Alzheimer's disease; multiple sclerosis; autism
资金
- La Marato' de TV3
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [2019/ENW/00772598]
Semaphorins, originally known for guiding developing axons, play crucial roles in shaping the nervous system during development and persist in adulthood. Different Semaphorins have distinct functions in adult neurology, influencing neuronal plasticity.
Semaphorins, originally discovered as guidance cues for developing axons, are involved in many processes that shape the nervous system during development, from neuronal proliferation and migration to neuritogenesis and synapse formation. Interestingly, the expression of many Semaphorins persists after development. For instance, Semaphorin 3A is a component of perineuronal nets, the extracellular matrix structures enwrapping certain types of neurons in the adult CNS, which contribute to the closure of the critical period for plasticity. Semaphorin 3G and 4C play a crucial role in the control of adult hippocampal connectivity and memory processes, and Semaphorin 5A and 7A regulate adult neurogenesis. This evidence points to a role of Semaphorins in the regulation of adult neuronal plasticity. In this review, we address the distribution of Semaphorins in the adult nervous system and we discuss their function in physiological and pathological processes.
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