Proper and improper chiral magnetic interactions

Atomistic spin models are of great value for predicting and understanding the magnetic properties of real materials, and extensions of the existing models open routes to new physics and potential applications. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is the prototype for chiral magnetic interactions, and several recent works have uncovered or proposed various types of generalized chiral interactions. However, in some cases the proposed interactions or their interpretation do not comply with basic principles such as being independent of the magnetic configuration from which they are evaluated, or even obeying time-reversal invariance. In this Letter, we present a simple explanation for the origin of these puzzling findings and point out how to resolve them.

Automated summary

Atomistic spin models are valuable for predicting and understanding magnetic properties of materials, and extensions of these models can lead to new physics and applications. Recent studies have uncovered various types of generalized chiral interactions, but some proposed interactions do not comply with basic principles, calling for resolution.