期刊
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
卷 206, 期 -, 页码 1-10出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.02.016
关键词
Grain yield; Nitrogen-use efficiency; Nitrate residue; Nitrate leaching; Apparent N loss
类别
资金
- Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest [201003014]
Optimising nitrogen (N) fertilisation is critically important for obtaining high crop yields with low environmental costs. A seven-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the rate of N application on crop yield, N-use efficiency (NUE), nitrate residue (NR), and nitrate leaching in an intensive wheat/maize rotation system on the Loess Plateau of China. Five treatments were tested: a control (no N fertilisation) and conventional, low, moderate, and high rates of N fertilisation. Nitrates were leached mainly after heavy rains and with flood irrigation and varied notably between years. Annual nitrate-leaching loss (ANLL) averaged 3.4-17.3 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) at N rates of 165-495 kg N ha(-1). Crop yields increased quadratically and NUE decreased linearly with increasing rates of N application. NR and ANLL increased exponentially. Compared with conventional management, moderate N fertilisation increased NUE and decreased NR and ANLL by 46 and 34%, respectively, without any significant decrease in crop yield. High yields can thus be achieved at a moderate N rate and an economically optimal N rate with less ANLL and acceptable soil NR. We recommend N-application rates of 150-170 and 180-200 kg N ha(-1) for wheat and maize, respectively, for obtaining high crop yields with low environmental risks. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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