Pion crystals hosting topologically stable baryons

We construct analytic (3 + 1)-dimensional inhomogeneous and topologically nontrivial pion systems using chiral perturbation theory. We discuss the effect of isospin asymmetry with vanishing electromagnetic interactions as well as some particular configurations with nonvanishing electromagnetic interactions. The inhomogeneous configurations of the pion fields are characterized by a nonvanishing topological charge that can be identified with baryons surrounded by a cloud of pions. This system supports a topologically protected persistent superflow. When the electromagnetic field is turned on the superflow corresponds to an electromagnetic supercurrent.

Automated summary

In this study, we constructed analytical (3 + 1)-dimensional inhomogeneous and topologically nontrivial pion systems using chiral perturbation theory. The inhomogeneous configurations of the pion fields are characterized by a nonvanishing topological charge that corresponds to baryons surrounded by a cloud of pions. The system supports a topologically protected persistent superflow, where the superflow becomes an electromagnetic supercurrent when the electromagnetic field is present.