Regulation of NOS expression in vascular diseases

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are the major sources of nitric oxide (NO), a small bioactive molecule involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. One of the most prominent functions of NO is regulation of vasodilatation and thereby control of blood pressure. Most important for vascular tone is NOS3. Endothelial NOS3-generated NO diffuses into the vascular smooth muscle cells, activates the soluble guanylate cyclase resulting in enhanced cGMP concentrations and smooth muscle cell relaxation. However, more and more evidence exist that also NOS1 and NOS2 contribute to vascular function. We summarize the current knowledge about the regulation of NOS expression in the vasculature by transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, in regard to inflammation and innate immune pathways.

Automated summary

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are major sources of nitric oxide (NO) in the vasculature and play a crucial role in regulating vascular tone and blood pressure. While NOS3 is the most important for maintaining vascular tone, evidence suggests that NOS1 and NOS2 also contribute to vascular function. Regulation of NOS expression in the vasculature involves various mechanisms including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational processes, particularly in the context of inflammation and innate immune pathways.