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Will Mutations in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Lead to the Failure of COVID-19 Vaccines?

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

D614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV-2 Susceptibility to Neutralization

Drew Weissman et al.

Summary: The D614G mutation in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is not expected to hinder current vaccine development, as viruses with the G614 spike are more susceptible to neutralization, indicating that the mutation may not affect vaccine efficacy.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Christian Gaebler et al.

Summary: After infection with SARS-CoV-2, antibody levels against the spike protein decrease significantly, but the number of memory B cells remain unchanged, indicating an evolving humoral response at 6.2 months after infection.

NATURE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: UK approves Moderna vaccine to be given as two doses 28 days apart

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Analysis of the Spread of COVID-19 in the USA with a Spatio-Temporal Multivariate Time Series Model

Rongxiang Rui et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the correlation between COVID-19 risk and weather factors in the USA, finding strong associations between maximum temperature, minimum temperature, humidity, cloud coverage percentage, and atmospheric ozone density with the pandemic. Results also indicated that community-level transmission is relatively mitigated in the USA, with daily confirmed cases within states mainly influenced by earlier cases, suggesting states with high case numbers like Texas, California, and Florida may still need preventative strategies.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Lineage — United States, December 29, 2020–January 12, 2021

Summer E. Galloway et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Use of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine - United States, December 2020

Sara E. Oliver et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations that attenuate monoclonal and serum antibody neutralization

Zhuoming Liu et al.

Summary: The study found that antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have escape mutations, different monoclonal antibodies have unique resistance profiles, some mutants are resistant to multiple antibodies while some variants can escape neutralization by convalescent sera. Comparing antibody-mediated mutations with circulating SARS-CoV-2 sequences revealed substitutions that may weaken neutralizing immune responses in some individuals, warranting further investigation.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies

Allison J. Greaney et al.

Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 may impact the recognition of the virus by human antibody-mediated immunity, with mutations affecting antibody binding varying significantly among individuals and within the same individual over time. Despite this variability, mutations that greatly reduce antibody binding usually occur at specific sites in the RBD, with E484 being the most crucial. These findings can inform surveillance efforts for SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the future.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Merryn Voysey et al.

Summary: The AZD1222 vaccine has been approved for emergency use in the UK with an interval of 4-12 weeks between doses. Analysis shows that the vaccine is efficacious with two doses and provides immunoprotection after the first dose before the second dose is administered.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7): an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Katherine R. W. Emary et al.

Summary: A post-hoc analysis was conducted on the efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK. The vaccine showed reduced neutralisation activity against the B.1.1.7 variant in vitro, but still demonstrated efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant of the virus.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Immunology

Ad26.COV2.S protects Syrian hamsters against G614 spike variant SARS-CoV-2 and does not enhance respiratory disease

Joan E. M. van der Lubbe et al.

Summary: This study investigated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and potential for vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) mediated by Ad26.COV2.S in a Syrian hamster challenge model with the G614 spike SARS-CoV-2 variant. Results showed that higher vaccine doses elicited substantial neutralizing antibodies titers and provided complete protection against lung infection and pneumonia in over 80% of Syrian hamsters inoculated with SARS-CoV-2.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

Daniel Wrapp et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Emergence of Drift Variants That May Affect COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Antibody Treatment

Takahiko Koyama et al.

PATHOGENS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mutations Strengthened SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity

Jiahui Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail

Johanna Hansen et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: Russia approves vaccine without large scale testing or results

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Review Immunology

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Biosynthesis, Structure, Function, and Antigenicity: Implications for the Design of Spike-Based Vaccine Immunogens

Liangwei Duan et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein D614G mutation increases virion spike density and infectivity

Lizhou Zhang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: UK approves Pfizer and BioNTech vaccine with rollout due to start next week

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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