Baryogenesis in the standard model and its supersymmetric extension

In this work, we classify all the effective U(1) symmetries and their associated Noether charges in the standard model (SM) and its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) from the highest scale after inflation down to the weak scale. We then demonstrate that the discovery of the violation of baryon minus lepton number (B - L), which pinpoints to its violation in the primordial Universe at any cosmic temperature above 30 TeV, will open up a new window of baryogenesis in these effective charges above this scale. While the fast SM baryon number violation in the early Universe could be the first piece to solve the puzzle of cosmic baryon asymmetry, (B - L) violation could be the second important piece. In the background of an expanding Universe, there is ample opportunity for out-of-equilibrium processes to generate an asymmetry in the numerous effective charges in the SM or the MSSM, making a baryon-asymmetric Universe almost unavoidable. Finally, we provide examples in the SM and the MSSM where baryogenesis can proceed through out-of-equilibrium dynamics without explicitly breaking baryon or lepton number.

Automated summary

This work classifies effective U(1) symmetries and Noether charges in the standard model and its minimal supersymmetric extension, then explores the violation of baryon minus lepton number, potentially opening a new window for baryogenesis. The expanding Universe provides ample opportunities for out-of-equilibrium processes to generate asymmetry in effective charges, leading to a baryon-asymmetric Universe in the SM or the MSSM.