期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
卷 103, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.103.063513
关键词
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资金
- Chamberlain fellowship at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Physics Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- NSF [AST-1910021, AST-1814971, AST-1615657, AST-1513618, AST-1907657]
- Research and Technology Development fund at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory through the project entitled Mapping the Baryonic Majority
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-1440226, AST0965625, AST-0408698, PHY-1214379, PHY-0855887]
- Princeton University
- University of Pennsylvania
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award
- Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT)
- CFI - Compute Canada
- Government of Ontario
- Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence
- NASA [NNX13AE56G, NNX14AB58G]
- Mishrahi Fund
- Wilkinson Fund
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- University of Arizona
- Brazilian Participation Group
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Carnegie Mellon University
- University of Florida
- French Participation Group
- German Participation Group
- Harvard University
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
- Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group
- Johns Hopkins University
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
- New Mexico State University
- New York University
- Ohio State University
- Pennsylvania State University
- University of Portsmouth
- Spanish Participation Group
- University of Tokyo
- University of Utah
- Vanderbilt University
- University of Virginia
- University of Washington
- Yale University
- CONICYT [BASAL CATA AFB-170002]
- Simons Foundation
- STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship [ST/M004856/2]
- STFC Consolidated Grant [ST/S00033X/1]
- Horizon 2020 ERC Starting Grant [849169]
- National Research Foundation of South Africa
- University of Toronto
- European Research Council (ERC) [849169] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
This research utilizes combined microwave maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Planck satellite, along with galaxy catalogs from astrophysical surveys, to study the gas properties in galaxy clusters. The results reveal important information about the gas density profile compared to dark matter, and also measure both tSZ and kSZ signals, providing insights into the internal gas dynamics of galaxy groups.
The scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons off the free-electron gas in galaxies and clusters leaves detectable imprints on high resolution CMB maps: the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects (tSZ and kSZ respectively). We use combined microwave maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR5 and Planck in combination with the CMASS (mean redshift (z) = 0.55 and host halo mass (M-vir) = 3 x 10(13) M-circle dot) and LOWZ ((z) = 0.31, (M-vir) = 5 x 10(13) M-circle dot) galaxy catalogs from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS DR10 and DR12), to study the gas associated with these galaxy groups. Using individual reconstructed velocities, we perform a stacking analysis and reject the no-kSZ hypothesis at 6.5 sigma, the highest significance to date. This directly translates into a measurement of the electron number density profile, and thus of the gas density profile. Despite the limited signal to noise, the measurement shows at high significance that the gas density profile is more extended than the dark matter density profile, for any reasonable baryon abundance (formally >90 sigma for the cosmic baryon abundance). We simultaneously measure the tSZ signal, i.e., the electron thermal pressure profile of the same CMASS objects, and reject the no-tSZ hypothesis at 10 sigma. We combine tSZ and kSZ measurements to estimate the electron temperature to 20% precision in several aperture bins, and find it comparable to the virial temperature. In a companion paper, we analyze these measurements to constrain the gas thermodynamics and the properties of feedback inside galaxy groups. We present the corresponding LOWZ measurements in this paper, ruling out a null kSZ (tSZ) signal at 2.9 (13.9)sigma, and leave their interpretation to future work. This paper and the companion paper demonstrate that current CMB experiments can detect and resolve gas profiles in low mass halos and at high redshifts, which are the most sensitive to feedback in galaxy formation and the most difficult to measure any other way. They will be a crucial input to cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, thus improving our understanding of galaxy formation. These precise gas profiles arc already sufficient to reduce the main limiting theoretical systematic in galaxy-galaxy lensing: baryonic uncertainties. Future such measurements will thus unleash the statistical power of weak lensing from the Rubin, Euclid and Roman observatories. Our stacking software ThumbStackis publicly available and directly applicable to future Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 data.
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