Sensitive deep convolutional neural network for face recognition at large standoffs with small dataset

In this paper, we propose a sensitive convolutional neural network which incorporates sensitivity term in the cost function of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to emphasize on the slight variations and high frequency components in highly blurred input image samples. The proposed cost function in CNN has a sensitivity part in which the conventional error is divided by the derivative of the activation function, and subsequently the total error is minimized by the gradient descent method during the learning process. Due to the proposed sensitivity term, the data samples at the decision boundaries appear more on the middle band or the high gradient part of the activation function. This highlights the slight changes in the highly blurred input images enabling better feature extraction resulting in better generalization and improved classification performance in the highly blurred images. To study the effect of the proposed sensitivity term, experiments were performed for the face recognition task on small dataset of facial images at different long standoffs in both night-time and day-time modalities. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.