Synthetic Biology: Current State and Applications

This review is devoted to synthetic biology. In this field, molecular biology methods and techniques are applied to develop a predetermined cell behavior based on theoretically constructed regulatory networks using engineering approaches. A cell can be considered the device that performs several types of basic functions. These are sensory, information processing, and response formation functions. Endogenous and exogenous physical or chemical factors that trigger information processing cascades are input signals. These include signaling and metabolic pathways. As a rule, changes in these pathways lead to the modification of the transcriptional profile. The response includes alterations in the metabolic profile followed by physiological changes. Taking this into account, a cell and a computer can be considered analogs. Therefore, the principles of engineering can be applied to natural biological systems in general and genetic circuits in particular. In addition to the main areas of synthetic biology, as well as their principles and methods, specific examples of the application of the synthetic biology approach in medicine and other fields were discussed.

Automated summary

Synthetic biology is a field that utilizes engineering approaches to develop predetermined cell behaviors based on theoretically constructed regulatory networks. Cells can be analogs of computers, performing basic functions through sensory, information processing, and response formation functions. Endogenous and exogenous factors trigger information processing cascades, leading to changes in transcriptional and metabolic profiles.