期刊
GENOME BIOLOGY
卷 22, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02339-6
关键词
Prostate cancer; Androgen receptor; Enhancers; STARRseq; Non-coding mutations
资金
- KWF Dutch Cancer Society [10084 ALPE]
- TUBITAK 1001 [119Z279]
- NSERC
- Prostate Cancer Foundation BC
- Astellas Pharma Inc.
Using a functional map of AR enhancer activity, it was demonstrated that AR-regulated enhancers act as a regulatory hub that increases interactions with other AR binding sites and gene promoters. The study found that only 7% of AR binding sites display androgen-dependent enhancer activity, while the vast majority were either inactive or constitutively active enhancers. Somatic mutations of critical AR-regulated enhancers often impact enhancer activity.
Background Androgen receptor (AR) is critical to the initiation, growth, and progression of prostate cancer. Once activated, the AR binds to cis-regulatory enhancer elements on DNA that drive gene expression. Yet, there are 10-100x more binding sites than differentially expressed genes. It is unclear how or if these excess binding sites impact gene transcription. Results To characterize the regulatory logic of AR-mediated transcription, we generated a locus-specific map of enhancer activity by functionally testing all common clinical AR binding sites with Self-Transcribing Active Regulatory Regions sequencing (STARRseq). Only 7% of AR binding sites displayed androgen-dependent enhancer activity. Instead, the vast majority of AR binding sites were either inactive or constitutively active enhancers. These annotations strongly correlated with enhancer-associated features of both in vitro cell lines and clinical prostate cancer samples. Evaluating the effect of each enhancer class on transcription, we found that AR-regulated enhancers frequently interact with promoters and form central chromosomal loops that are required for transcription. Somatic mutations of these critical AR-regulated enhancers often impact enhancer activity. Conclusions Using a functional map of AR enhancer activity, we demonstrated that AR-regulated enhancers act as a regulatory hub that increases interactions with other AR binding sites and gene promoters.
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