期刊
MOLECULES AND CELLS
卷 44, 期 5, 页码 281-291出版社
KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY
DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0060
关键词
system-associated macrophages; inflammasome; microglia; non-parenchymal brain macrophages
资金
- National Research Foundation of Korea - Korean Government [2020R1A2B5B02001823, 2020R1A4A1019009]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1A4A1019009, 2020R1A2B5B02001823] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
Tissue-resident macrophages, including microglia and non-parenchymal brain macrophages, are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune defense. Microglia, in particular, exhibit diverse phenotypes and play dual roles in brain homeostasis and neuroinflammation.
Tissue-resident macrophages play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and innate immune defense against invading microbial pathogens. Brain-resident macrophages can be classified into microglia in the brain parenchyma and non-parenchymal brain macrophages, also known as central nervous system-associated or border associated macrophages, in the brain-circulation interface. Microglia and non-parenchymal brain macrophages, including meningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages, are mostly produced during embryonic development, and maintained their population by self renewal. Microglia have gained much attention for their dual roles in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and the induction of neuroinflammation. In particular, diverse phenotypes of microglia have been increasingly identified under pathological conditions. Single-cell phenotypic analysis revealed that microglia are highly heterogenous and plastic, thus it is difficult to define the status of microglia as M1/M2 or resting/activated state due to complex nature of microglia. Meanwhile, physiological function of non-parenchymal brain macrophages remain to be fully demonstrated. In this review, we have summarized the origin and signatures of brain resident macrophages and discussed the unique features of microglia, particularly, their phenotypic polarization, diversity of subtypes, and inflammasome responses related to neurodegenerative diseases.
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