期刊
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
卷 5, 期 15, 页码 5516-5533出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d1qm00269d
关键词
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资金
- From 0 to 1 Innovative program of CAS [ZDBS-LY-JSC021]
- National Natural Science Foundation [51872306]
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [D21E020002, LY21E020008]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [2020300]
- Science and Technology Innovation 2025 major programs in Ningbo [2019B10046, 2019B10041]
- K. C. Wong Education Foundation [GJTD-2019-13]
This review discusses the production of ammonia and the emerging application of electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) as a nitrogen fixation technique. It analyzes the advantages and challenges of e-NRR, proposes strategies for the rational design of high-performance e-NRR electrocatalysts, and presents a rigorous ammonia detection method.
As one of the most important chemicals for human beings, ammonia is produced by the well-known Haber-Bosch process, which consumes tremendous amounts of energy and simultaneously results in unwanted emissions. Very recently, the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (e-NRR) emerged as an intriguing technique for nitrogen fixation, which can be driven by sustainable power sources, such as solar and wind energy. Moreover, ammonia produced by e-NRR can be realized under mild conditions. Nevertheless, the electrochemical nitrogen fixation suffers from a low yield of ammonia due to the scaling relations of intermediates and competing hydrogen evolution. In addition, the progress in the e-NRR is also hindered by unreliable ammonia measurements. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recently reported e-NRR electrocatalysts, and highlight the e-NRR mechanisms and promising strategies for the rational design of e-NRR electrocatalysts. Importantly, the nitrogen contaminations, which resulted in false positive results, are also mentioned and a rigorous ammonia detection method is presented. Moreover, the current challenges and prospects for e-NRR catalysis are discussed. This review gives a fresh impetus to the rational design of high-performance e-NRR electrocatalysts.
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