Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can induce morphophysiological changes in rat cardiac cell line

H9c2 cardiac cells were incubated under the control condition and at different hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic media, and the following parameters were determined and quantified: a) cell death, b) type of cell death, and c) changes in cell length, width and height. Of all the proven media, the one that showed the greatest differences compared to the control was the medium glucose (G) 33 mM + 500 mu M palmitic acid. This condition was called the hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic condition (HHC). Incubation of H9c2 cells in HHC promoted 5.2 times greater total cell death when compared to the control. Of the total death of the HHC cells, 38.6% was late apoptotic and 8.3% early apoptotic. HHC also changes cell morphology. The reordering of the actin cytoskeleton and cell stiffness was also studied in control and HHC cells. The actin cytoskeleton was quantified and the number and distance of actin bundles were not the same in the control as under HHC. Young's modulus images show a map of cell stiffness. Cells incubated in HHC with the reordered actin cytoskeleton were stiffer than those incubated in control. The region of greatest stiffness was the peripheral zone of HHC cells (where the number of actin bundles was higher and the distance between them smaller). Our results suggest a correlation between the reordering of the actin cytoskeleton and cell stiffness. Thus, our study showed that HHC can promote morphophysiological changes in rat cardiac cells confirming that gluco-and lipotoxicity may play a central role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Automated summary

The study found that hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions lead to increased cell death, changes in cell morphology, and the reordering of the actin cytoskeleton, affecting cell stiffness. These results suggest that glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity may play a central role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.