A new classification of cardio-oncology syndromes

Increasing evidence suggests a multifaceted relationship exists between cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we introduce a 5-tier classification system to categorize cardio-oncology syndromes (COS) that represent the aspects of the relationship between cancer and CVD. COS Type I is characterized by mechanisms whereby the abrupt onset or progression of cancer can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. COS Type II includes the mechanisms by which cancer therapies can result in acute or chronic CVD. COS Type III is characterized by the pro-oncogenic environment created by the release of cardiokines and high oxidative stress in patients with cardiovascular dysfunction. COS Type IV is comprised of CVD therapies and diagnostic procedures which have been associated with promoting or unmasking cancer. COS Type V is characterized by factors causing systemic and genetic predisposition to both CVD and cancer. The development of this framework may allow for an increased facilitation of cancer care while optimizing cardiovascular health through focused treatment targeting the COS type.

Automated summary

The relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease is multifaceted. A 5-tier classification system has been introduced to categorize cardio-oncology syndromes, representing various aspects of this relationship. These types include mechanisms of cancer causing cardiovascular dysfunction, cancer therapies resulting in CVD, pro-oncogenic environment created by cardiovascular dysfunction, CVD therapies promoting cancer, and genetic predisposition to both CVD and cancer.