Optical equations for null strings

An optical equation for null strings is derived. The equation is similar to Sachs's optical equations for null geodesic congruences. The string optical equation is given in terms of a single complex scalar function Z, which is a combination of spin coefficients at the string trajectory. Real and imaginary parts of Z determine the expansion and rotation of strings. Trajectories of strings can be represented by diagrams in a complex Z plane. Such diagrams allow one to draw some universal features of null strings in different backgrounds. For example, in asymptotically flat space-times Z vanishes as future null infinity is approached, that is, gradually shapes of strings are freezing out. Outgoing gravitational radiation and flows of matter leave ripples on the strings. These effects are encoded in subleading terms of Z. String diagrams are demonstrated for rotating and expanding strings in a flat space-time and in cosmological models.

Automated summary

An optical equation for null strings, similar to those for null geodesic congruences, is derived using a single complex scalar function Z. The real and imaginary parts of Z determine the expansion and rotation of strings. String trajectories are represented in complex Z-plane diagrams, capturing universal features of null strings in different backgrounds.