Biocontrol potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against the termite species, Microtermes obesi (Holmgren) (Blattodea: Termitidae)

Background Globally, termites cause a great problem for the farmers which eat the stalk of the wheat, maize, and the sugarcane and also affect the growth of vegetables. For ecological farming system, biocontrol agents represent a vital implement in pest management policies. Biological control can play a probable, even more considerable part to reduce the adverse possessions of synthetic chemical pesticides. Results The present study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of one heterorhabditid species and 4 steinernematid species against the termite species (Microtermes obesi (Holmgren) (Blattodea: Termitidae)) on filter paper bioassay and wooden logs. Among all tested species of the entomopathogenic nematodes, maximum mortality rates 100% were obtained by using Steinernema pakistanense N-KA.04 and S. bifurcatum N-KA.93 after 48 h of the application. S. siamkayai N-KA.12 mortality ranged (85-87%), followed by S. ceratophorum N-KA.57 (77-80%) and then Heterorhabditis indica N-KA.03 (70-77%) at the highest concentrations (350-650 IJs/ml). Conclusions The expansion of appropriate application products for the management of termite effectiveness, observing and timing of application, participation of farmers in checking, and judgment is essential to avert disasters of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in field conditions and to make farmers' confident with the use of the most promising species of EPNs.

Automated summary

Globally, termites are a major problem for farmers, causing damage to crops and affecting vegetable growth. Biocontrol agents, such as entomopathogenic nematodes, play a vital role in pest management. The study evaluated the biocontrol potential of various nematode species against termites, with Steinernema pakistanense N-KA.04 and S. bifurcatum N-KA.93 showing the highest mortality rates. Proper application, timing, and farmer involvement are crucial in preventing disasters and building confidence in using effective nematode species for termite management.