期刊
GEOSCIENCES
卷 11, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/geosciences11060231
关键词
multibeam bathymetry; seabed morphology; offshore morphotectonic map; submarine drainage; submarine volcanic edifice; mass movements; geohazards; hydrospatial
资金
- GEOWARN project [IST-199912310]
- European Commission
- Institute for Exploration (IFE-USA)
- collaborative project New Frontiers in the Ocean Exploration
- NEANIAS - European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [863448]
The Kos-Nisyros-Tilos volcanic field in the eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc is an active volcanic area formed by the subduction of the African plate beneath the Aegean plate. The region is characterized by volcanic cones, domes, and submarine volcanic calderas, with various geohazards such as seismic activity, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. Data from geophysical surveys combined with geospatial techniques have been used to analyze the volcanic relief and hazards in the area.
The active Kos-Nisyros-Tilos volcanic field is located in the eastern sector of the Aegean Volcanic Arc resulting from the subduction of the African plate beneath the Aegean plate. The volcanic activity is developed since Middle Pleistocene and it occurs within a tectonic graben with several volcanic outcrops both onshore and offshore. Data obtained from previous offshore geophysical surveys and ROV exploration, combined with geospatial techniques have been used to construct synthetic maps of the broader submarine area. The volcanic relief is analyzed from the base of the volcanic structures offshore to their summits onshore reaching 1373 m of height and their volumes have been computed with 24.26 km(3) for Nisyros Island and a total volume of 54.42 km(3) for the entire volcanic area. The volcanic structures are distinguished in: (1) volcanic cones at the islands of Nisyros (older strato-volcano), Pergousa, Yali and Strongyli, (2) volcanic domes at the islands of Pachia, East Kondeliousa and Nisyros (younger Prophitis Ilias domes), (3) submarine volcanic calderas (Avyssos and Kefalos). Submarine volcanic debris avalanches have been also described south of Nisyros and undulating features at the eastern Kefalos bay. Submarine canyons and channels are developed along the Kos southern margin contrary to the Tilos margin. Ground truth campaigns with submarine vessels and ROVs have verified the previous analysis in several submarine volcanic sites. The geohazards of the area comprise: (1) seismic hazard, both due to the activation of major marginal faults and minor intra-volcanic faults, (2) volcanic hazard, related to the recent volcanic structures and long term iconic eruptions related to the deep submarine calderas, (3) tsunami hazard, related to the seismic hazard as well as to the numerous unstable submarine slopes with potential of gravity sliding.
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