Top transparent electrodes for fabricating semitransparent organic and perovskite solar cells

Semitransparent solar cells (ST-SCs) have sparked great interest due to their appeal in applications including automobiles, foldable solar curtains, power-generating windows and other aesthetic architectural products. The top transparent electrode is an essential component of ST-SCs because of its functions of transmitting light, transferring and collecting charge, and providing a distributed electric field. Here, a general overview is provided on the recent progress of different top transparent electrodes in the fabrication of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) and semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs). The materials for top transparent electrodes are mainly thin metals, transparent conductive oxides, transparent conducting polymers, silver nanowires (Ag-NWs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and the combination of two or three of these materials. Techniques for optimizing the transparency and efficiency of ST-SCs are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary of the top transparent electrodes used in ST-SCs and a view into the development of this research field are provided.

Automated summary

Semitransparent solar cells have gained significant interest in various applications, with the top transparent electrode being a crucial component made of materials such as thin metals, oxides, and polymers. This overview highlights the recent progress in different top transparent electrodes used in semitransparent organic solar cells and semitransparent perovskite solar cells, discussing techniques for optimizing transparency and efficiency. The summary provides insights into the development of this research field.