Integration of metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks: Design, synthesis, and applications

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring porous crystalline materials, have attracted tremendous attention for various applications due to their periodic and welldefined structures, high surface area, and tunable pore architectures. In particular, the facile modification of MOFs and COFs enables their intermesh into MOF/COF hybrids to enhance performance and/or extend scope toward diverse applications. In this review, we provide an overview of significant progress in the design and synthesis of MOF/COF hybrids, including MOF@COF, COF@MOF, MOF + COF, C-MOF, and COF-in-MOF, and their various applications in catalysis, gas adsorption, sensing, energy storage, and photodynamic therapy. The challenges and prospects of the construction of MOF/COF hybrids for various applications are also briefly discussed.

Automated summary

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are porous crystalline materials, can be intermeshed into MOF/COF hybrids to enhance performance and extend applications.