4.8 Article

Fatty acid photodecarboxylase is an ancient photoenzyme that forms hydrocarbons in the thylakoids of algae

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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
卷 186, 期 3, 页码 1455-1472

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OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab168

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资金

  1. Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-18-CE43-0008-01]
  2. HelioBiotec platform - EU
  3. Region Sud
  4. French Ministry of Research
  5. C commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives (CEA)
  6. Ecole Normale Superieure Paris
  7. French Ministry of Education and Research
  8. CEA (DRF Impulsion Invention E2FAP)
  9. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-18-CE43-0008] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)

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Fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) is a photoenzyme that requires light for catalytic cycle, and recent studies have shown its conservation and role in the formation of hydrocarbons in algae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This enzyme is predominantly membrane-associated and its activity is linked to photosynthetic membranes, suggesting a potentially important role in the evolution and function of algal lineages.
Fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) is one of the few enzymes that require light for their catalytic cycle (photoenzymes). FAP was first identified in the microalga Chlorella variabilis NC64A, and belongs to an algae-specific subgroup of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family. While the FAP from C. variabilis and its Chlamydomonas reinhardtii homolog CrFAP have demonstrated in vitro activities, their activities and physiological functions have not been studied in vivo. Furthermore, the conservation of FAP activity beyond green microalgae remains hypothetical. Here, using a C. reinhardtii FAP knockout line (fap), we showed that CrFAP is responsible for the formation of 7-heptadecene, the only hydrocarbon of this alga. We further showed that CrFAP was predominantly membrane-associated and that >90% of 7-heptadecene was recovered in the thylakoid fraction. In the fab mutant, photosynthetic activity was not affected under standard growth conditions, but was reduced after cold acclimation when light intensity varied. A phylogenetic analysis that included sequences from Tara Ocean identified almost 200 putative FAPs and indicated that FAP was acquired early after primary endosymbiosis. Within Bikonta, FAP was retained in secondary photosynthetic endosymbiosis lineages but absent from those that lost the plastid. Characterization of recombinant FAPs from various algal genera (Nannochloropsis, Ectocarpus, Galdieria, Chondrus) provided experimental evidence that FAP photochemical activity was present in red and brown algae, and was not limited to unicellular species. These results thus indicate that FAP was conserved during the evolution of most algal lineages where photosynthesis was retained, and suggest that its function is linked to photosynthetic membranes.

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