Improving performance of finishing pigs with added valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan: validating a meta-analysis model

Based on results of a recent meta-analysis, we hypothesized that increased dietary Val, Ile, or Trp could correct possible amino acid interactions because of excess Leu in diets containing high levels of corn protein, namely dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS). A total of 1,200 pigs (PIC TR4 x (Fast LW x NC L02); initially 33.6 +/- 0.6 kg) were used in a 103-d study. The 6 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal (SBM)-DDGS-based as follows: (1) high SBM and low level of L-Lys HCl (HSBM), (2) high L-Lys HCl and moderate Ile, Val, Trp (AA above NRC 2012 estimates; NC), (3) moderate L-Lys HCl and high Ile, Val, and Trp (PC), and PC with either increased (4) L-Val (PC+Val), (5) L-Ile (PC+Ile), or (6) L-Trp (PC+Trp). Pigs fed the NC diet were predicted to have the poorest average daily gain (ADG), the PC diet to be intermediate, and pigs fed the HSBM, PC+Val, PC+Ile, and PC+Trp have the same and highest predicted ADG. In the grower period (34 to 90 kg), ADG was greater (P < 0.05) for the pigs fed HSBM and PC+Val diets than the NC with pigs fed other diets intermediate. Pigs fed HSBM were more (P < 0.05) efficient (G:F) than the NC and PC with pigs fed other diets intermediate. In the finisher period (90 to 136 kg), ADG was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed PC+Ile than that of the NC with pigs fed other diets intermediate. Pigs fed PC+Val had greater (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) than the NC with pigs fed other diets intermediate. However, PC+Ile pigs were more (P < 0.05) efficient than PC+Val with pigs fed other diets intermediate. Overall, ADG was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed HSBM, PC+Val, and PC+Ile diets than the NC with pigs fed other diets intermediate. Pigs fed the PC+Val diet had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI than the NC with pigs fed other diets intermediate. No differences were detected between treatments for overall G:F or other carcass characteristics. In conclusion, increasing Val or Ile in high L-Lys-HCl-DDGS-based diets improved growth performance compared with pigs fed diets containing high levels of L-Lys HCl without added Val and Ile. These results present evidence that the recently developed meta-analysis can predict the relative differences in overall ADG for pigs fed the NC, PC, PC+Val, and PC+Ile diets; however, the predicted G:F was less accurate. The data demonstrate that the negative effects of high Leu concentrations in corn-DDGS-based diets can be reversed by increasing the ratios of Val and Ile relative to Lys.

Automated summary

Increasing Val or Ile in high L-Lys-HCl-DDGS-based diets improved growth performance compared with pigs fed diets containing high levels of L-Lys HCl without added Val and Ile. These results suggest that adjusting the ratios of Val and Ile relative to Lys in diets can reverse the negative effects of high Leu concentrations in corn-DDGS-based diets.