期刊
PLASMA
卷 4, 期 3, 页码 450-669出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plasma4030033
关键词
plasma focus; fusion energy; neutron emission; neutron spectrum; beam-target mechanism; ion acceleration; ion spectroscopy; ion imaging; coded aperture imaging; soft x-ray imaging; magnetic reconnection; plasma modeling; Monte-Carlo method; magnetic probes
资金
- MSMT [LTT17015, LTAUSA17084, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778]
- GACR [19-02545S]
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [18-29-21006]
- National Research and Development Agency [ANID PIA ACT172101, ANID FONDECYT1151471, ANID FONDECYT1211885]
- International Atomic Energy Agency [F13019]
- IAEA CRP grants [23071, 23225]
- Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education
- Scientific Research Center of the University of Sofia [1827]
- Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic [LTT17015, LTC20061]
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore [RI 7/16 SSV, RI 8/07 SVS]
- PF-24 Lab. (IFJ)
- PF-1000 Lab. (IPPLM)
- ISCDMP
- AAAPT
- International Atomic Energy Agency Coordinated Research Project [F13020, RC-24179]
The paper summarizes the developments in the Dense Plasma Focus field over the past 20 years and highlights its main characteristics and unresolved issues, questioning the traditional narrative. The authors suggest that individual laboratories take measures to positively influence the future growth of research.
This paper is a sequel to the 1998 review paper Scientific status of the Dense Plasma Focus with 16 authors belonging to 16 nations, whose initiative led to the establishment of the International Center for Dense Magnetized Plasmas (ICDMP) in the year 2000. Its focus is on understanding the principal defining characteristic features of the plasma focus in the light of the developments that have taken place in the last 20 years, in terms of new facilities, diagnostics, models, and insights. Although it is too soon to proclaim with certainty what the plasma focus phenomenon is, the results available to date conclusively indicate what it is demonstrably not. The review looks at the experimental data, cross-correlated across multiple diagnostics and multiple devices, to delineate the contours of an emerging narrative that is fascinatingly different from the standard narrative, which has guided the consensus in the plasma focus community for several decades, without invalidating it. It raises a question mark over the Fundamental Premise of Controlled Fusion Research, namely, that any fusion reaction having the character of a beam-target process must necessarily be more inefficient than a thermonuclear process with a confined thermal plasma at a suitably high temperature. Open questions that need attention of researchers are highlighted. A future course of action is suggested that individual plasma focus laboratories could adopt in order to positively influence the future growth of research in this field, to the general benefit of not only the controlled fusion research community but also the world at large.
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