4.2 Article

Long-Chain Free Fatty Acids Influence Lipid Accumulation, Lysosome Activation and Glycolytic Shift in Various Cells In Vitro

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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
卷 55, 期 4, 页码 624-636

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PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC
DOI: 10.1134/S0026893321030146

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free fatty acids; metabolic reprogramming; cell culture; glycolysis; respiration; uncoupling

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Excessive presence of hydrophobic molecules can be toxic and disrupt membrane function. Different free fatty acids (FFA) have varying effects on cultured cells, generally leading to lipid accumulation and metabolic shifts.
Hydrophobic molecules may be toxic when present in excess. When dissolved in membranes, hydrophobic molecules disrupt membrane function. Studies on the effects of free fatty acids (FFA) on cultured cells contradict each other. Here we describe the effects of FFA on various human cells in culture. The addition of long-chain FFA (oleic, palmitic, linoleic, linolenic, etc.) to cultured cells led to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and muscle cells, initiation of autophagy, and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Although treated cells increase their oxygen consumption, metabolic shifts in favor of glycolysis were observed. All these effects were expressed to varying degrees in different cells and with the addition of different FFAs. The mechanisms of these FFA effects are discussed, as well their practical implications.

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