期刊
NUCLEUS
卷 12, 期 1, 页码 90-114出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2021.1962610
关键词
Nuclear envelope; nuclear mechanics; mechanobiology; chromatin; live imaging
类别
资金
- Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [1349735, 2025505]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [1R15GM123446]
- National Institute on Aging [R01AG059923]
- National Science Foundation [1929188]
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1349735, 2025505] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- Office of Integrative Activities [1929188] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The nucleus, central to cellular activity, responds to external stimuli by regulating chromatin organization, which affects cell function and fate. Changes in nuclear structures play a crucial role in the differentiation and proliferation programs of mesenchymal stem cells, particularly in musculoskeletal tissues.
The nucleus, central to cellular activity, relies on both direct mechanical input as well as its molecular transducers to sense external stimuli and respond by regulating intra-nuclear chromatin organization that determines cell function and fate. In mesenchymal stem cells of musculoskeletal tissues, changes in nuclear structures are emerging as a key modulator of their differentiation and proliferation programs. In this review we will first introduce the structural elements of the nucleoskeleton and discuss the current literature on how nuclear structure and signaling are altered in relation to environmental and tissue level mechanical cues. We will focus on state-of-the-art techniques to apply mechanical force and methods to measure nuclear mechanics in conjunction with DNA, RNA, and protein visualization in living cells. Ultimately, combining real-time nuclear deformations and chromatin dynamics can be a powerful tool to study mechanisms of how forces affect the dynamics of genome function.
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