Synthesis of Amines, Carbamates and Amides by Multi-Step Continuous Flow Synthesis

We report the continuous flow synthesis of acyl azides in various continuous flow systems and demonstrate that liquid-liquid separation may be incorporated to prepare anhydrous solutions of the acyl azide, which may be subsequently reacted with appropriate nucleophiles to prepare amines, carbamates and amides within a fully integrated multi-step process in high yields (> 80%). Interesting effects were also observed when preparing carbamates with long chain alcohols, whereby as the chain length of the alcohol increased the products could be made in high yield even without incorporation of the liquid-liquid separation module.