期刊
WATER RESEARCH X
卷 13, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100116
关键词
Desalination; Faradaic deionization; Thermodynamic energy efficiency; Colloids
资金
- US National Science Foundation [1931659]
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1931659] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Recirculating effluent from a symmetric cation intercalation desalination cell into brine/diluate reservoirs can achieve high salt removal rates and efficiency. This exceptional performance is achieved through a novel heated, alkaline wet phase inversion process that modulates colloidal forces to increase carbon black aggregation within electrode slurries, resulting in crack-free, high areal-capacity PBA electrodes that are calendered to minimize cell impedance and electrode porosity.
Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) show great potential for low-energy Faradaic deionization (FDI) with reversible Na-ion capacity approaching 5 M in the solid-state. However, past continuous-flow demonstrations using PBAs in FDI were unable to desalinate brackish water to potable levels using single-pass architectures. Here, we show that recirculation of effluent from a symmetric cation intercalation desalination cell into brine/diluate reservoirs enables salt removal exceeding 80% at thermodynamic efficiency as high as 80% when cycled with 100 mM NaCl influent and when controlled by a low-volume, automated fluid circuit. This exceptional performance is achieved using a novel heated, alkaline wet phase inversion process that modulates colloidal forces to increase carbon black aggregation within electrode slurries to solidify crack-free, high areal-capacity PBA electrodes that are calendered to minimize cell impedance and electrode porosity. The results obtained demonstrate the need for co-design of auxiliary fluid-control systems together with electrode materials to advance FDI beyond brackish salinity.
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