Smart biomaterials-A proposed definition and overview of the field

The emergence of smart biomaterials has significantly developed the boundaries of modern medicine. This class of biomaterials can operate as an 'on-off' switch for multiple applications from nanometer to macrometer scales because of their unique characteristics responsive to the environmental changes. As for illustration, smart biomaterials can guide stem cells to enhance tissue regeneration, resulting in numerous applications in tissue engineering. They can also self-fold or self-unfold to encapsulate and release cells or drugs in a controlled fashion, leading to a smart drug delivery system. Besides, the combination of stimuli-responsive biomaterials with additive manufacturing introduces smart constructs that may closely resemble natural tissues. Therefore, progress in smart biomaterials can trigger significant changes in the field of biomedical engineering. This article will briefly review the current advances and applications in smart biomaterials with emphasis on smart hydrogels, nanomaterials, bioconjugates, and shape-memory biomaterials. Furthermore, smart constructs, as well as intelligent biomaterials and systems, are summarized.

Automated summary

The emergence of smart biomaterials with responsive characteristics has expanded the boundaries of modern medicine, enabling important applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, etc. They can guide stem cells for tissue regeneration, possess functions like smart drug delivery and self-folding release, and can form intelligent constructs resembling natural tissues.