期刊
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
卷 4, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.725066
关键词
climate change; forest health; walnut; wood sorption; fungi; competition; bark beetle; central hardwood region
资金
- Fred M. Van Eck Foundation Memorial Scholarship from Purdue University
The study investigated the competition dynamics of fungal species transmitted by bark beetles, highlighting the significant influence of wood moisture content on fungal competition, particularly in the development of thousand cankers disease caused by Geosmithia morbida. The findings suggest that under future climate scenarios, the impact of the disease may expand into the native range of Juglans nigra.
Bark beetles vector symbiotic fungi and the success of these mutualisms may be limited by competition from other microbes. The outcome of fungal competition is strongly influenced by the physical and chemical conditions of the wood they inhabit. These conditions are in turn subject to climatic variation. In particular, wood moisture content (MC) influences fungal competition and, therefore, could help determine environmental suitability for thousand cankers disease (TCD) caused by Geosmithia morbida and its vector Pityophthorus juglandis. We conducted competition experiments in Juglans nigra wood that was naturally or artificially colonized by G. morbida and other fungi over a range of wood MC expected across prevailing United States climatic conditions. G. morbida outcompeted antagonistic fungi Clonostachys and Trichoderma spp. at Aspergillus spp. outcompeted G. morbida at low moisture in wood from Indiana. We fit a logistic regression model to results of the competition experiments to predict survival of G. morbida across the United States. Expected survival of G. morbida was highest in historical TCD epicenters and accounted for the low incidence and severity of TCD in the eastern United States. Our results also predict that under future climate scenarios, the area impacted by TCD will expand into the native range of J. nigra. Given its role in emergent forest health threats, climate change should be a key consideration in the assessment of risks to hardwood resources.
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