期刊
JOURNAL OF CANNABIS RESEARCH
卷 3, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s42238-021-00094-w
关键词
Cannabis; Nanoemulsion; High pressure homogenization; Stress testing
资金
- MITACS Accelerate Fellowship program [MITACS IT16195]
- University of Windsor
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [2018-06338]
- Peak Processing
This study described the design, optimization, and stress-testing of a novel phytocannabinoid nanoemulsion stabilized by quillaja saponin. The optimized nanoemulsion showed stability under various stressors, highlighting its potential for scientific and commercial applications.
Background: This study describes the design, optimization, and stress-testing of a novel phytocannabinoid nanoemulsion generated using high-pressure homogenization. QNaturale (R), a plant-derived commercial emulsifier containing quillaja saponin, was used to stabilize the lipid phase droplets in water. Stress-testing was performed on this nanoemulsion in order to evaluate its chemical and colloidal stability under the influence of different environmental factors, encompassing both physical and chemical stressors. Methods: Extensive optimization studies were conducted to arrive at an ideal nanoemulsion formulation. A coarse emulsion containing 16.6 wt% CBD-enriched cannabis distillate and 83.4 wt% carrier (soybean) oil dispersed in 10 wt% QNaturale (R) (1.5 wt% quillaja saponin) solution after 10 homogenization cycles at a pressure of 30,000 psi produced a stable nanoemulsion. This nanoemulsion was then subjected to the stress studies. Results: The optimized nanoemulsion had an average droplet diameter of ca. 120 nm and average droplet surface zeta potentials of ca. -30 mV. It was imaged and characterized by a variety of protocols. It proved to be stable to droplet agglomeration and phase separation upon storage under ambient conditions for 6 weeks, as well as under a variety of physical stressors such as heat, cold, dilution, and carbonation. pH values <= 2 and moderately high salt concentrations (> 100 mM), however, destabilized the nanoemulsion, eventually leading to phase separation. Cannabis potency, determined by HPLC, was detrimentally affected by any changes in the nanoemulsion phase stability. Conclusions: Quillaja saponin stabilized cannabidiol(CBD)-enriched nanoemulsions are stable, robust systems even at low emulsifier concentrations, and are therefore significant from both a scientific as well as a commercial perspective.
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