Technogenic halogenesis of oil-contaminated soils of floodplain ecosystems under conditions of humid soil formation and its environmental consequences

The content and patterns of spatial distribution of readily soluble salts of technogenic origin in the soils of oil-contaminated floodplain ecosystems of Western Siberia within the middle taiga subzone (Tomsk region) are considered. Peculiarities of technogenic salinization - halogenesis processes that arise as a result of the operation of oilfield technological facilities (field pipelines), are not typical for humid soil formation conditions and consist in the appearance of specific compounds of toxic salts and signs of soil salinization. It is revealed that salinization leads to deterioration of soil fertility and the creation of adverse conditions for the growth and development of plants. In the studied soils, technogenic salts are represented by compounds of the toxic salts NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2. The maximum amount of salts is recorded in the upper horizons of soils. Soils have medium salinization (at the epicenter), and weak salinization (impact zone, pollution boundary) with a sulfate type of salinity according to cationic composition, sodium type - according to anionic. The detected changes make it possible to assess the ecological state of oil-contaminated soils in areas prone to excessive moisture (Western Siberia) as unsatisfactory, and to develop a set of scientific recommendations for the implementation of the biological stage of remediation of floodplain soils. One of the scientifically based methods may be the use of rolled biomats at the final stage of biological soil remediation. This material is able to retain seeds of oil-resistant herbs, which are usually washed out by the rain from the soil, by creating a plant layer that is mature in density and area, and also isolates plants from the negative effects of toxic salts formed as a result of pollution.

Automated summary

This study examined the spatial distribution and characteristics of readily soluble technogenic salts in the soils of oil-contaminated floodplain ecosystems in Western Siberia. It found that technogenic salinization leads to soil fertility decline and harm to plant growth, and proposed the use of biomats for biological soil remediation.