Bacterial Sub-Species Typing Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry: What Is Promising?

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is routinely used for bacterial identification. It would be highly beneficial to also be able to use the technology as a fast way to detect clinically relevant clones of bacterial species. However, studies to this aim have often had limited success. The methods used for data acquisition, processing and data interpretation are highly diverse amongst studies on MALDI-TOF MS sub-species typing. In addition to this, feasibility may depend on the bacterial species and strains investigated, making it difficult to determine what methods may or may not work. In our paper, we have reviewed recent research on MALDI-TOF MS typing of bacterial strains. Although we found a lot of variation amongst the methods used, there were approaches shared by multiple research groups. Multiple spectra of the same isolate were often combined before further analysis for strain distinction. Many groups used a protein extraction step to increase resolution in their MALDI-TOF MS results. Peaks at a high mass range were often excluded for data interpretation. Three groups have found ways to determine feasibility of MALDI-TOF MS typing for their set of strains at an early stage of their project.

Automated summary

Despite the diverse methods used in MALDI-TOF MS typing of bacterial strains, several research groups have shared common approaches. Combining multiple spectra of the same isolate before further analysis for strain distinction is a common practice. Many groups use a protein extraction step to enhance resolution in their MALDI-TOF MS results, often excluding peaks at a high mass range for data interpretation.