Recent Advances in Base Metal (Copper, Cobalt and Nickel)-Catalyzed Directed C-H Amination

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds are ubiquitous in natural products, drug molecules and organic intermediates. Therefore, the introduction of nitrogenous functional groups into organic compounds is of great significance. Despite transition metal catalyzed C-N coupling reaction provided an effcient strategy to access these ntrogen-containing compounds, extra steps are generally required to obtain the pre-functionalized starting materials. Recently, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H amination has emerged as a more atom- and step-economical strategy to construct C-N bonds. Compared to the noble metals (e.g. palladium and rhodium), base metal catalysts, such as copper, cobalt and nickel, have attracted dramatic attentions, due to their earth abundance, cost effectiveness, and unique catalytic activities. Herein, the recent advances in copper-, cobalt- and nickel-catalyzed C-H amination reactions assisted by directing groups were summmarized according to the types of base metals, C-H bonds, and amination reagents with an emphasis on the discussion of various amination reagents and their application. Finally, the limitations and development trend of this research field are analyzed and prospected.

Automated summary

This article summarizes the recent advances in copper-, cobalt- and nickel-catalyzed C-H amination reactions, focusing on various amination reagents and their applications. The limitations and development trends in this research field are analyzed and prospected.