期刊
JOURNAL OF CANCER
卷 12, 期 23, 页码 6949-6963出版社
IVYSPRING INT PUBL
DOI: 10.7150/jca.64205
关键词
Human breast cancer; targeted therapy; immunotherapy
类别
资金
- Florida State University Council on Research & Creativity grants
- Lebanese grant
- Pfeiffer Professorship for Cancer Research in Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Endowed Chair Professorship in Cancer Research from anonymous donors
Breast cancer treatment has advanced significantly, with targeted therapies and immunotherapy showing promise. Personalized and combination therapies are expected to enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient survival rates.
Human breast cancer treatment regimens have evolved greatly due to the significant advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways of the common subtypes of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss recent progress in breast cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy as well as ongoing clinical trials. We also highlight the potential of combination therapies and personalized approaches to improve clinical outcomes. Targeted therapies have surpassed the hormone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) to include many other molecules in targetable pathways such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6). However, resistance to targeted therapy persists, underpinning the need for more efficacious therapies. Immunotherapy is considered a milestone in breast cancer treatments, including the engineered immune cells (CAR-T cell therapy) to better target the tumor cells, vaccines to stimulate the patient's immune system against tumor antigens, and checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4) to block molecules that mediate immune inhibition. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy tested in breast cancer clinical trials are discussed here, with special emphasis on combinatorial approaches which are believed to maximize treatment efficacy and enhance patient survival.
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