An overview of methods for production and detection of silver nanoparticles, with emphasis on their fate and toxicological effects on human, soil, and aquatic environment

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been exten- sively used in various industries; however, this is accompa- nied by several implications to humans and the environment. This review focuses on different aspects of AgNPs including the production and detection techniques, their fate, and dynamics in response to different environmental factors. In addition, this review illustrates the toxicity mechanism and the interaction of AgNPs with different matrices, such as aquatic environment, soil, crops, and humans. Reduction measures and future research are discussed.

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This review delves into the extensive use of silver nanoparticles in various industries and the potential implications they have on humans and the environment. It discusses aspects such as production, detection techniques, fate, and dynamics of AgNPs under different environmental factors. Furthermore, the toxicity mechanism and interactions of AgNPs with different matrices are highlighted, including aquatic environments, soils, crops, and humans, with discussions on reduction measures and future research directions.