期刊
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
卷 9, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS
DOI: 10.1525/elementa.2020.00153
关键词
Governance of gene editing; Social and political dimensions of biotechnology; United States; GMO labeling; Agriculture
资金
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Agricultural and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) Foundational Program, Agriculture Economics and Rural Communities, Social Implication of Food and Agriculture Technologies program [2018-67023-27679]
This article examines the emerging tensions and contestations in the United States over the governance of gene-editing technologies in agriculture and food, revealing new tensions, fractures, and realignments between and among government, industry, and NGOs actors. These tensions and realignments reflect efforts by these actors to incorporate lessons from the genetically modified organism labeling fight as they seek to reshape the governance of gene editing in a manner that reflects their interests.
Biotechnologies in agriculture and food are increasingly governed by both state and nonstate actors. In this article, we explore emerging tensions and contestations in the United States over how gene-editing technologies in agriculture and food should be governed and by whom. This article is framed theoretically by the literatures examining the politics of state and nonstate governance of the agrifood and biotechnology sectors. We draw on semistructured interviews with 45 key actors in the United States, including representatives of regulatory agencies, commodity groups, consumer and environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs), biotechnology and food industry, and scientists. In contrast to assumptions that commodity group and industry actors would share a preference for limited or self-regulation, we find growing contestations, with some calling for novel forms of regulatory oversight. Our findings reveal new tensions, fractures, and realignments between and among government, industry, and NGOs actors over gene-editing governance. These tensions and realignments reflect and respond to demands for broader engagement of publics and greater transparency in the governance of biotechnologies in agriculture and food. We argue that these emerging tensions and realignments between and among state and nonstate actors reflect efforts by these actors to incorporate lessons from the genetically modified organism labeling fight as they seek to (re)shape the governance of gene editing in a manner that reflects their interests.
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