Generation of highly mutually coherent hard-x-ray pulse pairs with an amplitude-splitting delay line

Beam splitters and delay lines are among the key building blocks of modern-day optical laser technology. Progress in x-ray free electron laser source development and applications over the past decade is calling for their counterpart operating at the Angstrom wavelength regime. Recent efforts in x-ray optics development demonstrate relatively stable delay lines that most often adopt the division-of-wavefront approach for the beam splitting and recombination. However, the two exit beams in such configurations struggle to achieve sufficient mutual coherence to enable applications such as interferometry, correlation spectroscopy, and nonlinear spectroscopy. We present an experimental realization of the generation of highly mutually coherent pulse pairs using an amplitude-split delay line design based on transmission grating beam splitters and channel-cut crystals. The performance of the prototype system was analyzed in the context of x-ray coherent scattering and correlation spectroscopy, where nearly identical high-contrast speckle patterns from both branches were observed. We show in addition the high level of dynamical stability during continuous delay scans, a capability essential for high sensitivity ultrafast measurements.

Automated summary

Beam splitters and delay lines are crucial components of modern optical laser technology and are being developed for X-ray free electron laser sources operating in the Angstrom wavelength regime. The challenge lies in achieving highly mutually coherent pulse pairs to enable applications such as interferometry and correlation spectroscopy. Efforts are being made to develop experimental systems with stable delay lines for high sensitivity ultrafast measurements.