期刊
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
卷 13, 期 11, 页码 5127-5149出版社
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/essd-13-5127-2021
关键词
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资金
- National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2016-04688]
- Campus Alberta Innovates Program
- ERC [851181, 725546]
- Helmholtz Impulse and Networking Fund
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF5439, 839]
- Swedish Research Council VR [2016-04829]
- Norwegian Research Council [274711]
- Swedish Research Council [201705268]
- BMBF KoPf Synthesis project [03F0834B]
- NASA Earth Science [NNH17ZDA001N]
- NSF-EnvE [1928048]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Canada Research Chairs program
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration IDS program (NASA) [NNX17AK10G]
- Environment and Climate Change Canada
- Canadian Space Agency
- Government of Alberta
- Government of Saskatchewan
- US Forest Service
- US Fish and Wildlife Service
- PEW Charitable Trusts
- Canadian Boreal Initiative
- Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.
- Mistik Management Ltd.
- Louisiana-Pacific
- Forest Products Association of Canada
- Weyerhaeuser
- Lakeland Industry and Community
- Encana
- Imperial Oil
- Devon Energy Corporation
- Shell Canada Energy
- Suncor Foundation
- Treaty 8 Tribal Corporation (Akaitcho)
- Dehcho First Nations
- NSF PLR Arctic System Science Research Networking Activities (RNA) Permafrost Carbon Network: Synthesizing Flux Observations for Benchmarking Model Projections of Permafrost Carbon Exchange [1931333]
- Swedish Research Council FORMAS [2018-01794]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- European Research Council (ERC) [725546, 851181] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1928048] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1931333] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Swedish Research Council [2016-04829] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
The study introduces the BorealArctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD) to estimate the distribution of wetlands and lakes in the Arctic region. Using expert assessments and random forest modeling, the dataset provides the distribution of various wetland and lake classes, helping to improve assessments of current and future methane emissions.
Methane emissions from boreal and arctic wetlands, lakes, and rivers are expected to increase in response to warming and associated permafrost thaw. However, the lack of appropriate land cover datasets for scaling field-measured methane emissions to circumpolar scales has contributed to a large uncertainty for our understanding of present-day and future methane emissions. Here we present the BorealArctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD), a land cover dataset based on an expert assessment, extrapolated using random forest modelling from available spatial datasets of climate, topography, soils, permafrost conditions, vegetation, wetlands, and surface water extents and dynamics. In BAWLD, we estimate the fractional coverage of five wetland, seven lake, and three river classes within 0.5 x 0.5 degrees grid cells that cover the northern boreal and tundra biomes (17 % of the global land surface). Land cover classes were defined using criteria that ensured distinct methane emissions among classes, as indicated by a co-developed comprehensive dataset of methane flux observations. In BAWLD, wetlands occupied 3.2 x 10(6) km(2) (14 % of domain) with a 95 % confidence interval between 2.8 and 3.8 x 10(6) km(2). Bog, fen, and permafrost bog were the most abundant wetland classes, covering similar to 28 % each of the total wetland area, while the highest-methane-emitting marsh and tundra wetland classes occupied 5 % and 12 %, respectively. Lakes, defined to include all lentic open-water ecosystems regardless of size, covered 1.4 x 10(6) km(2) (6 % of domain). Low-methane-emitting large lakes (>10 km(2)) and glacial lakes jointly represented 78 % of the total lake area, while high-emitting peatland and yedoma lakes covered 18 % and 4 %, respectively. Small (<0.1 km(2)) glacial, peatland, and yedoma lakes combined covered 17 % of the total lake area but contributed disproportionally to the overall spatial uncertainty in lake area with a 95 % confidence interval between 0.15 and 0.38 x 10(6) km(2). Rivers and streams were estimated to cover 0.12 x 10(6) km(2) (0.5 % of domain), of which 8 % was associated with high-methane-emitting headwaters that drain organic-rich landscapes. Distinct combinations of spatially co-occurring wetland and lake classes were identified across the BAWLD domain, allowing for the mapping of wetscapes that have characteristic methane emission magnitudes and sensitivities to climate change at regional scales. With BAWLD, we provide a dataset which avoids double-accounting of wetland, lake, and river extents and which includes confidence intervals for each land cover class. As such, BAWLD will be suitable for many hydrological and biogeochemical modelling and upscaling efforts for the northern boreal and arctic region, in particular those aimed at improving assessments of current and future methane emissions.
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