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Article
Infectious Diseases
Wan Ni Chia et al.
Summary: The study investigated the dynamics of neutralising antibody response in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, finding great variations and suggesting that predicting immune longevity can only be accurately determined at the individual level. The findings emphasize the importance of public health and social measures in the ongoing pandemic outbreak response, and may have implications for the longevity of immunity after vaccination.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren B. Rodda et al.
Summary: The study found that individuals recovered from mild COVID-19 develop sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific immunological memory for at least 3 months, including immunoglobulin antibodies, neutralizing plasma, and memory B and T cells. These memory lymphocytes exhibit potent antiviral function, aiding in immune defense.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine McMahan et al.
Summary: Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from convalescent macaques protects naive macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and cellular immune responses contribute to protection against rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2. The findings suggest that relatively low antibody titres are sufficient for protection against SARS-CoV-2 in macaques, while higher antibody titres are required for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer M. Dan et al.
Summary: Different components of immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 exhibit distinct kinetics, with antibodies and spike-specific memory B cells remaining relatively stable over 6 months, while CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells declining with a half-life of 3 to 5 months after infection.
Article
Cell Biology
Anthony T. Tan et al.
Summary: This study found that early induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was present in patients with mild disease and accelerated viral clearance, while rapid induction and quantity of humoral responses were associated with an increase in disease severity. These findings highlight the importance of early functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in both vaccine design and immune monitoring.
Article
Immunology
Agnes Bonifacius et al.
Summary: Research showed that active COVID-19 patients had high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike IgG, but overall reduced antiviral T cell responses due to inflammatory environment, expression of inhibitory molecules, and effector caspase activity in T cells.
Article
Immunology
Nina Le Bert et al.
Summary: The efficacy of virus-specific T cells in clearing pathogens involves a delicate balance between antiviral and inflammatory responses. Asymptomatic individuals clearing SARS-CoV-2 showed increased production of IFN-gamma and IL-2, along with a proportional secretion of IL-10 and proinflammatory cytokines, while symptomatic individuals displayed a disproportionate secretion of inflammatory cytokines triggered by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell activation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Gaelle Breton et al.
Summary: Recovered individuals exhibit persistent polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific memory, as well as enduring alterations in the relative overall numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells, including cell division and expression of activation/exhaustion markers.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David S. Khoury et al.
Summary: The level of neutralizing antibodies is closely related to immune protection against COVID-19, playing a crucial role in protecting against detected infection and severe infection. Studies have shown that neutralizing titers will decline over time after vaccination, leading to decreased protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jackson S. Turner et al.
Summary: The study found that individuals who had recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infections showed rapid decline of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in the first 4 months after infection, followed by a more gradual decrease over the following 7 months but remaining detectable at least 11 months after infection. This suggests that mild infection with SARS-CoV-2 can induce robust antigen-specific, long-lived humoral immune memory in humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erin M. Bange et al.
Summary: In patients with cancer and COVID-19, those with hematologic cancer show impaired immune responses compared to solid cancer patients. CD8 T cells play a crucial role in survival, even in the presence of limited humoral responses. The presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in hematologic cancer patients suggests a potential therapeutic target.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chee-Wah Tan et al.
Summary: Survivors of SARS-CoV-1 infection who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine produced potent cross-clade pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies, capable of neutralizing various variants of concern and potential human-infecting coronaviruses, indicating the feasibility of a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine strategy.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jose Vitale et al.
Summary: This cohort study investigates the rate of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among individuals in Lombardy, Italy, who had previously recovered from COVID-19.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shirin Kalimuddin et al.
Summary: The study showed that spike-specific T cells and binding antibodies were detectable 10 days after the first dose of the Pfizer/Bio-NTech BNT162b2 vaccine, suggesting that early T cell and binding antibody responses may induce early protection against COVID-19 compared to receptor blocking or virus neutralizing activity.
Review
Immunology
Deborah Cromer et al.
Summary: The duration of immunity to COVID-19 and the risk of reinfection remain unclear. Immunity is crucial for long-term control of the pandemic, but studies suggest a decline in antibody responses and an increase in documented cases of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. Understanding memory responses and immune control dynamics is essential for designing vaccines and predicting the future trajectory of the pandemic.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jason T. Ladner et al.
Summary: The study used a highly multiplexed peptide assay to investigate antibody responses across all human coronaviruses in COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. The results show that antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 can cross-recognize specific epitopes of pandemic and endemic coronavirus antigens, with a preference for binding endemic homologs.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
John P. A. Ioannidis
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the infection fatality rate of COVID-19 using seroprevalence data. The findings showed that the infection fatality rate varied significantly across different locations due to differences in population age structure, case mix of infected and deceased patients, and other factors. The inferred infection fatality rates were generally lower than earlier estimates made during the pandemic.
BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Li Yang Hsu et al.
SINGAPORE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel F. Gudbjartsson et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nina Le Bert et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quan-Xin Long et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takehiro Takahashi et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Diana Buitrago-Garcia et al.
Article
Biology
Jon C. Emery et al.
