☆ 3.8 Review

The underlying mechanisms for severe COVID-19 progression in people with diabetes mellitus: a critical review

AIMS PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Elevated HbA1c levels in pre-Covid-19 infection increases the risk of mortality: A sistematic review and meta-analysis

Francesco Prattichizzo et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis aimed to explore the impact of HbA1c values at hospital pre-admission or at-admission on COVID-19 mortality or worsening in patients with diabetes. The results from seven observational studies showed that HbA1c was linearly associated with increased risk of COVID-19 mortality or worsening, especially in patients with poor glycaemic control.

DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 Prognosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China

Jian Shang et al.

Summary: The study revealed that diabetic patients with COVID-19 showed more severe abnormalities in blood parameters compared to non-diabetic patients. Additionally, diabetic patients had higher rates of complications and adverse clinical outcomes such as respiratory failure, acute cardiac injury, and death. Therefore, diabetes is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of COVID-19, requiring special attention in prevention and treatment for this population.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 and diabetes. Why it is a different story

Anca Pantea Stoian et al.

Summary: Hydroxychloroquine has been suggested as a potential treatment for COVID-19 due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties. Individuals with diabetes may benefit from its use, but caution is needed because of its known hypoglycemic effects.

DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Obesity and diabetes as high-risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19)

Yue Zhou et al.

Summary: The Covid-19 outbreak has evolved into a global health crisis, with the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes exacerbating the risks of infectious diseases. This study provides a synthesis of recent advances in understanding the relationships between obesity, diabetes, and Covid-19, offering special treatment guidance for these at-risk populations.

DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Characteristics and outcomes ofCOVID-19 in hospitalized patients with and without diabetes

Abdallah Al-Salameh et al.

Summary: This study compared clinical features and outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes, finding that diabetes was associated with a higher risk of ICU admission but not with a significant increase in mortality. Age was found to play a role in ICU admission and death. Further research on the relationship between COVID-19 severity and diabetes is needed.

DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Overexpression of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Receptor, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Implications for Kidney Injury in Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019

Richard E. Gilbert et al.

Summary: The study found that diabetic kidney disease patients had approximately 2-fold higher levels of ACE2 messenger RNA compared to healthy controls, which may increase the risk and severity of kidney infection with SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19. However, there was no significant difference in transcript abundance between recipients and nonrecipients of agents that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impact of diabetes on COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality: a retrospective study from Northern Italy

S. Ciardullo et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the impact of pre-existing diabetes on in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients and found that diabetes was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Corticosteroids in diabetes patients infected with COVID-19

Fuxue Deng et al.

IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Perspective: Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity - plausibly linked by latitude, ethnicity, impacts on cytokines, ACE2 and thrombosis

J. M. Rhodes et al.

Summary: There is substantial evidence supporting a link between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity, although the evidence is indirect. Community-based placebo-controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation may be challenging, but further evidence may come from large cohort studies with prescribing data or serum 25(OH) vitamin D level assays. In the meantime, vitamin D supplementation is strongly recommended for individuals at risk of deficiency.

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Virology

Pancreatic injury in the course of coronavirus disease 2019: A not-so-rare occurrence

Giuseppe Bruno et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, DKA, and COVID-19: Causality or coincidence? A report of three cases

Kulachanya Suwanwongse et al.

Summary: COVID-19's impact on the endocrine system has not been extensively studied, with only a few case reports indicating a potential risk for diabetes mellitus. Case studies suggest that COVID-19 may exacerbate metabolic complications of existing diabetes mellitus in patients.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Admission hyperglycaemia as a predictor of mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 regardless of diabetes status: data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Francisco Javier Carrasco-Sanchez et al.

Summary: This study found a significant association between hyperglycaemia and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients, even in those without diabetes. Hyperglycaemia was independently associated with increased risk of mortality, highlighting the importance of screening and early treatment for high blood glucose levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Effects of hyperglycaemia on complications of COVID-19: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Ming H. Lee et al.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development

Tarik Asselah et al.

Summary: COVID-19 started in Wuhan in 2019 and has become a global pandemic. The virus responsible, SARS-CoV-2, shares a high sequence identity with bat- and pangolin-derived coronaviruses. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection include age, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Elevated fasting blood glucose within the first week of hospitalization was associated with progression to severe illness of COVID-19 in patients with preexisting diabetes: A multicenter observational study

Ping Ling et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 and diabetes; Possible role of polymorphism and rise of telemedicine

Shomoita Sayed

Summary: This study discusses the possible effects of ACE2 polymorphisms on SARS-CoV-2 entry and the increasing use of telemedicine. The findings suggest that polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene can influence virus entry in the host body, while telemedicine has the potential to revolutionize the medical sector.

PRIMARY CARE DIABETES (2021)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Gene Is Associated with Hypertension and Severity of COVID 19: Interaction with Sex, Obesity, and Smoking

Pavel Hamet et al.

Summary: The study found that a single nucleotide polymorphism of the ACE2 gene was associated with hypertension in adult obese males, especially in obese males who smoked. The variant was also linked to blood pressure levels in adolescents, with an interaction with obesity present only in females. Additionally, ACE2 gene variants were associated with more severe outcomes in COVID-19 in obese, smoking males.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular docking simulation reveals ACE2 polymorphisms that may increase the affinity of ACE2 with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein

Matteo Calcagnile et al.

Summary: There is evidence that ACE2 gene polymorphisms can affect the interaction between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, potentially influencing viral entry into host cells. In silico molecular docking predicted that certain ACE2 missense variants have higher or lower affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain, supporting the hypothesis that ACE2 genetic background may play a role in disease progression.

BIOCHIMIE (2021)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 studies and 18,300 patients

Angelo Silverio et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis suggests that older age and diabetes are associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Conversely, male sex, hypertension, and smoking did not independently correlate with fatal outcomes.

BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Lung and Kidney ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Renin-Angiotensin System Blocker-Treated Comorbid Diabetic Mice Mimicking Host Factors That Have Been Linked to Severe COVID-19

Sri Nagarjun Batchu et al.

Summary: Research suggests that in diabetic mice mimicking host factors linked to severe COVID-19, there is an increase in lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein levels, as well as lung ACE2 activity. This upregulation is driven by comorbidity and not by RAS blockade.

DIABETES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 Severity Is Tripled in the Diabetes Community: A Prospective Analysis of the Pandemic's Impact in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Justin M. Gregory et al.

Summary: The study found that patients with diabetes, both type 1 and type 2, have an increased risk of hospitalization and illness severity due to COVID-19. Factors such as HbA(1c) in type 1 diabetes were significantly associated with illness severity, emphasizing the need to mitigate the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in this community.

DIABETES CARE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Inequities in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19: Data From 52 US Clinical Centers

Osagie Ebekozien et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Independent and combined effects of hypertension and diabetes on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study of Huoshen Mountain Hospital and Guanggu Fangcang Shelter Hospital

Yuhui Sun et al.

Summary: This study found that T2DM is a significant risk factor for death, ARDS/respiratory failure, and severe COVID-19 infection, while hypertension only presents additional risk for the development of severe infection. Hypertension is not an independent risk factor for death or ARDS/respiratory failure but marginally increases the risk of severe COVID-19 infection, accentuated through its confounding effect on T2DM.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPERTENSION (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

COVID-19's toll on the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus - Is vitamin B12 deficiency an accomplice?

Andrew Kien Han Wee

Summary: COVID-19 has a disproportionate impact on the elderly and individuals with diabetes, creating a need to address their specific vulnerabilities. Vitamin B12 deficiency may play a significant role in affecting COVID-19 mortality and recovery rates.

MEDICAL HYPOTHESES (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Downregulation of microRNA-146a in diabetes, obesity and hypertension may contribute to severe COVID-19

Jelena Roganovic

Summary: Infection by SARS-CoV-2 can trigger excessive host immune reaction, where miR-146a may play a crucial role in controlling virus-induced inflammatory response. Studies have shown downregulation of miR-146a in patients with diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, potentially contributing to the severe outcomes of COVID-19 in these individuals.

MEDICAL HYPOTHESES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Association between thiamine deficiency and hyperlactatemia among critically ill patients with diabetes infected by SARS-CoV-2

Sandra Elisa Adami Batista Goncalves et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the association between diabetes and thiamine deficiency in critically ill patients infected by COVID-19. It found a higher prevalence of thiamine deficiency in patients with diabetes and a strong negative correlation between thiamine levels and arterial lactate, particularly in diabetic patients.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES (2021)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Increased DKA at presentation among newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients with or without COVID-19: Data from a multi-site surveillance registry

Kara Beliard et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Clinical Findings in Diabetes Mellitus Patients with COVID-19

Ting Guo et al.

Summary: Patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 are prone to developing severe illness, especially females. High levels of HbA1c and proteinuria may be potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. Control of blood glucose and appropriate diabetic therapy are crucial in improving the prognosis of severe COVID-19 in diabetic patients.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Cytokine Profiles and Immune Response Are Increased in COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mao Zheng et al.

Summary: Elevated glucose levels in COVID-19 patients are associated with increased cytokine profiles and immune responses.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation for type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Alvin C Powers et al.

Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hyperosmolarity Deserves More Attention in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes: A Cohort-Based Study

Luoning Gou et al.

Summary: This study investigated critically ill patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and found that hyperosmolarity, older age, inflammatory response, and thrombosis may be associated with increased risk of mortality, especially in diabetic patients. Results suggest that attention to hyperosmolarity is important in managing critically ill COVID-19 patients.

DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Adverse outcomes in COVID-19 and diabetes: a retrospective cohort study from three London teaching hospitals

Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya et al.

Summary: Patients with diabetes mellitus admitted to hospital with COVID-19 have poorer outcomes, with factors such as male gender, advancing age, lower platelet count, and higher Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score independently predicting poor outcomes. Antiplatelet medication was associated with a lower risk of death/ICU admission. Comorbidities such as diabetes with ischemic heart disease were major determinants of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Increased stress, weight gain and less exercise in relation to glycemic control in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Merel M. Ruissen et al.

Summary: Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased perceived stress, weight gain, and decreased exercise in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients. However, there was no deterioration in glycemic control. Perceived stress was found to be associated with difficulty in glycemic control, highlighting the importance of addressing psychological aspects in diabetes care consultations.

BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE (2021)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Diabetes Might Augment the Severity of COVID-19: A Current Prospects

Jayeeta Sur et al.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Severe Reinfection With South African Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variant 501Y.V2

Noemie Zucman et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 in Latin America: Symptoms, Morbidities, and Gastrointestinal Manifestations

Hassan Ashktorab et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hyperlipasemia and Potential Pancreatic Injury Patterns in COVID-19: A Marker of Severity or Innocent Bystander?

Hemant Goyal et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Emergence of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Southern California

Wenjuan Zhang et al.

Summary: The research focused on sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from symptomatic patients at Cedar-Sinai Medical Center in November-December 2020, providing insights into a surge in cases and hospitalizations during that period.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hyperglycemia associated with lymphopenia and disease severity of COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Yangyang Cheng et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients with T2DM are at higher risk and more likely to worsen from moderate to severe cases. High HbA1c, IL-6, and lymphocyte count are risk factors predicting the severity of COVID-19 in patients with T2DM.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS (2021)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Isolation and characterization of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant in travellers from the United Kingdom to India: VUI-202012/01 of the B.1.1.7 lineage

Pragya D. Yadav et al.

Summary: Researchers have identified a new variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 from COVID-19 cases that travelled from the UK to India in December 2020, highlighting the importance of strengthening surveillance systems to prevent local transmission of this new variant.

JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Role of Genetic Variants and Gene Expression in the Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19

Sarita Choudhary et al.

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding genetic risk factors for susceptibility to the disease is essential. Genes like ACE2, TMPRSS2, and DPP4 play key roles in determining disease severity. Research on genetic variants influencing respiratory infections can help identify potential drug targets for COVID-19 patients.

ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Association of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin type II blockers with ACE2 overexpression in COVID-19 comorbidities: A pathway-based analytical study

Rahul Parit et al.

Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus has become a major public health concern globally, with a significant increase in mortality rate and damage to the alveoli. Most patients with the disease have underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cerebrovascular diseases. Current pharmacological investigations of COVID-19 patients show frequent use of ACEi and/or ARBs, with a reported increase in ACE2 expression in patients receiving these drugs regularly, though the distinct association between ACEi and/or ARBs and up-regulation of ACE2 expression has not been clearly defined yet.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Pharmacological management of COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes

Antonio Ceriello et al.

Summary: Evidence suggests that diabetes is a significant comorbidity affecting the prognosis of COVID-19. Proper management of chronic anti-hypertensive and glucose-lowering therapies is crucial in treating diabetic patients with COVID-19. Careful balance of the body's response and effective medication management are essential for diabetic patients during COVID-19 treatment.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data

Eric J. Haas et al.

Summary: This study assessed the real-world effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 in Israel, showing high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, severe disease, and death. As vaccine coverage increased, there were marked declines in SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, indicating that COVID-19 vaccination can help control the pandemic.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Prescription of glucose-lowering therapies and risk of COVID-19 mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide observational study in England

Kamlesh Khunti et al.

Summary: The study found associations between prescription of certain glucose-lowering drugs and COVID-19-related mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the differences in risk are small and likely due to confounding by indication. Therefore, there is no clear indication to change prescribing of glucose-lowering drugs in people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Severity of COVID-19 and Treatment Strategy for Patient With Diabetes

Shi Jin et al.

Summary: COVID-19, named by WHO in February 2020, quickly became a global pandemic by March 2020, posing higher risks for patients with comorbidities like diabetes. Currently, there is no approved standard treatment protocol for COVID-19 cases with pre-existing diabetes.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2-mRNA-vaccinated individuals

Talia Kustin et al.

Summary: Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections post-vaccination may be caused by B.1.1.7 or B.1.351 variants, indicating the importance of robust vaccination. Reduced vaccine effectiveness against these variants was observed in the study, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and enhanced vaccination efforts.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

A Unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein P681H Variant Detected in Israel

Neta S. Zuckerman et al.

Summary: Routine monitoring for sequencing is necessary for a novel local Israeli variant with a non-synonymous mutation in the spike protein, which was successfully neutralized by sera from fully vaccinated individuals.

VACCINES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Acute pancreatitis in a patient with COVID-19

Rawan A. Rahman AlHarmi et al.

Summary: COVID-19 predominantly affects the pulmonary system but can also involve other systems such as the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems. Acute pancreatitis is a possible complication in patients with COVID-19, highlighting the importance of thorough investigations to rule out other causes, and considering potential transmission risks to healthcare providers when dealing with complex cases requiring invasive procedures.

BMJ CASE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

BNT162b2 vaccination effectively prevents the rapid rise of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 in high-risk populations in Israel

Ariel Munitz et al.

Summary: Research shows that the B.1.1.7 variant is 45% more transmissible than the wild-type strain and has become the dominant strain in Israel within 3.5 weeks. Despite this, targeted RT-PCR testing and prioritized vaccination programs are still capable of preventing its spread in the elderly population. Therefore, proactive surveillance programs and prioritized vaccination can effectively reduce the occurrence of severe illness and death.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Clinical characteristics and short-term prognosis of in-patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A retrospective study from an academic center in Belgium

Laura Orioli et al.

Summary: This study described the characteristics and short-term prognosis of in-patients with diabetes and COVID-19 at a Belgian academic care center. The majority of patients had type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia-related vascular complications, and hypertension. The overall case-fatality rate was 15%, with no statistically significant difference between patients with and without diabetes.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Travelers from Brazil to Japan

Takahisa Fujino et al.

Summary: Different variants of SARS-CoV-2 with higher transmission potential have been emerging globally, including one found in travelers from Brazil to Japan in January 2021, which carries an additional set of mutations.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Comprehensive in silico identification of impacts of ACE2 SNPs on COVID-19 susceptibility in different populations

Alireza Paniri et al.

Summary: This study revealed that certain SNPs within the ACE2 gene may affect its function and stability, consequently influencing susceptibility to and response to COVID-19 infection. This sheds light on the potential factors contributing to individual variability in drug response among patients.

GENE REPORTS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas

Janis A. Mueller et al.

Summary: The study shows that SARS-CoV-2 can infect and impact insulin secretion in human pancreatic cells, potentially contributing to metabolic dysregulation observed in COVID-19 patients.

NATURE METABOLISM (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Estimation of case-fatality rate in COVID-19 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the New York state: a preliminary report

Yang Ge et al.

Summary: The study found that, in addition to the elderly, young people with comorbidities should also be considered a vulnerable group, as they have higher case-fatality rates and rate ratios.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Increased serum amylase and/or lipase in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: Is it really pancreatic injury?

Rabbinu R. Pribadi et al.

Summary: Current research indicates that elevated serum amylase and/or lipase levels in COVID-19 patients do not necessarily indicate pancreatic injury, as these enzymes can also be elevated in other clinical conditions.

JGH OPEN (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management

Soo Lim et al.

Summary: Initial studies have shown that patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of severe COVID-19, potentially due to hyperglycaemia affecting immune and inflammatory responses. Further investigation is needed to determine the optimal management for patients with diabetes mellitus during the ongoing pandemic.

NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Critical Care Medicine

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target

Haibo Zhang et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine

High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa

Hao Xu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus

Ranganath Muniyappa et al.

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Risks of ACE Inhibitor and ARB Usage in COVID-19: Evaluating the Evidence

Krishna Sriram et al.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a potential approach for coronavirus infection therapy?

Daniel Batlle et al.

CLINICAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Patients with diabetes are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19

G. Targher et al.

DIABETES & METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Diabetes and COVID-19 in Association With Glucose-Lowering Medication

Yuchen Chen et al.

DIABETES CARE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with diabetes and secondary hyperglycaemia with coronavirus disease 2019: A single-centre, retrospective, observational study in Wuhan

Yang Zhang et al.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2020)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Why is hyperglycaemia worseningCOVID-19 and its prognosis?

Antonio Ceriello et al.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Newly diagnosed diabetes is associated with a higher risk of mortality than known diabetes in hospitalized patients withCOVID-19

Huiqing Li et al.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Prevalence of residual inflammatory risk and associated clinical variables in patients with type 2 diabetes

Francesco Prattichizzo et al.

DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19

Weina Guo et al.

DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS (2020)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Pancreatic Injury Patterns in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 19 Pneumonia

Fan Wang et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2

Jian Shang et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Review Oncology

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2),SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Arno R. Bourgonje et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Hypertension, Thrombosis, Kidney Failure, and Diabetes: Is COVID-19 an Endothelial Disease? A Comprehensive Evaluation of Clinical and Basic Evidence

Celestino Sardu et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes

Yongli Yan et al.

BMJ OPEN DIABETES RESEARCH & CARE (2020)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Diabetes as a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity and in-hospital death: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Alessandro Mantovani et al.

NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Type 1 diabetes onset triggered by COVID-19

Lucien Marchand et al.

ACTA DIABETOLOGICA (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Individual variation of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulation

Jiawei Chen et al.

AGING CELL (2020)

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Review Immunology

COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review

Koichi Yuki et al.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Has COVID-19 Delayed the Diagnosis and Worsened the Presentation of Type 1 Diabetes in Children?

Ivana Rabbone et al.

DIABETES CARE (2020)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Increased Hepatic ACE2 Expression in NAFL and Diabetes-A Risk for COVID-19 Patients?

Jelena Soldo et al.

DIABETES CARE (2020)

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Letter Endocrinology & Metabolism

Characteristics and Diabetes Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Admitted With COVID-19 Infection

Maria Vamvini et al.

DIABETES CARE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diabetes and COVID-19: Global and regional perspectives

In-Kyung Jeong et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Comorbid diabetes and the risk of disease severitytrun or death among 8807 COVID-19 patients in China: A meta-analysis

Li Guo et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

Type 1 diabetes triggered by covid-19 pandemic: A potential outbreak?

Paola Caruso et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Association of diabetes and hypertension with disease severity in covid-19 patients: A systematic literature review and exploratory meta-analysis

Rizwana Parveen et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Demographic and clinical features of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Greece: The burden of diabetes and obesity

P. Halvatsiotis et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Fasting blood glucose at admission is an independent predictor for 28-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 without previous diagnosis of diabetes: a multi-centre retrospective study

Sufei Wang et al.

DIABETOLOGIA (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

DPP4 and ACE2 in Diabetes and COVID-19: Therapeutic Targets for Cardiovascular Complications?

Ines Valencia et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in England: a population-based cohort study

Naomi Holman et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Associations of type 1 and type 2 diabetes with COVID-19-related mortality in England: a whole-population study

Emma Barron et al.

LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System

Gholamreza Daryabor et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Ketoacidosis in Children and Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany

Clemens Kamrath et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Interleukin-6 as a potential biomarker of COVID-19 progression

Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq et al.

MEDECINE ET MALADIES INFECTIEUSES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

LEClinical course and factors associated with outcomes among 1904 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Germany: an observational study

Irit Nachtigall et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, in Lung Tissue of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Sara R. A. Wijnant et al.

DIABETES (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impact of Comorbidities and Glycemia at Admission and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With COVID-19: A Case Series From an Academic Hospital in Lombardy, Italy

Marco Mirani et al.

DIABETES CARE (2020)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 and Children With Diabetes-Updates, Unknowns, and Next Steps: First, Do No Extrapolation

Linda A. DiMeglio et al.

DIABETES CARE (2020)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children During COVID-19: Multicenter Regional Findings in the UK

Rebecca Unsworth et al.

DIABETES CARE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Hyperglycemia without diabetes and new-onset diabetes are both associated with poorer outcomes in COVID-19

Awadhesh Kumar Singh et al.

DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Monocytopenia, monocyte morphological anomalies and hyperinflammation characterise severeCOVID-19 in type 2 diabetes

Fawaz Alzaid et al.

EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other

William S. Azar et al.

REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Impact of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus on management of COVID-19 infection

Sudhir Bhandari et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: A national cohort study

Lawrence Fisher et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS (2020)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

SARS-CoV-2 receptor networks in diabetic and COVID-19-associated kidney disease

Rajasree Menon et al.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Review Immunology

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis

Andrew G. Harrison et al.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Hematology

D-dimer level in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review

Mehrdad Rostami et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF HEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes and Secondary Hyperglycemia

Wan Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A comparison of COVID-19, SARS and MERS

Tingting Hu et al.

PEERJ (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diabetes, infection risk and COVID-19

Suheda Erener

MOLECULAR METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Prevalence and impact of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 in China

Min Du et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF DIABETES (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors in the Pancreas of Normal Organ Donors and Individuals with COVID-19

Irina Kusmartseva et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Are Expressed in the Microvasculature and Ducts of Human Pancreas but Are Not Enriched in β Cells

Katie C. Coate et al.

CELL METABOLISM (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System-Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Elaine Vieira et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Editorial Material Oncology

Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Heng Mei et al.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Differences in the Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Yujing Sun et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Mechanistic Review of Molecular Interactions

Habib Yaribeygi et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Immunology

Impact of Diabetes in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19

Mohamed Abu-Farha et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Short term follow-up of patients presenting with acute onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis during an episode of COVID-19

Mohammad Shafi Kuchay et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Relation of D-dimer levels of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus

Yogendra Mishra et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Clinical characteristics of hospitalized and home isolated COVID-19 patients with type 1 diabetes

Ayman A. Al Hayek et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Acute pancreatic injury induced by COVID-19

R. Nikhil Kumar Patnaik et al.

IDCASES (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Burden of diabetes mellitus and its impact on COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis of real-world evidence

Salman Hussain et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

New onset diabetes, type 1 diabetes and COVID-19

Sirisha Kusuma Boddu et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Anthropology

Deadly Companions: COVID-19 and Diabetes in Mexico

Merrill Singer

MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Is diabetes mellitus associated with mortality and severity of COVID-19? A meta-analysis

Ashish Kumar et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Glycemic Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the United States

Bruce Bode et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, practical considerations

Awadhesh Kumar Singh et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: An unholy interaction of two pandemics

Rimesh Pal et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Mortality Rate and Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes

Dilaram Acharya et al.

HEALTHCARE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Multi-Organ Failure in a Patient With Diabetes due to COVID-19 With Clear Lungs

Sohaip Kabashneh et al.

CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19

Wentao Ni et al.

CRITICAL CARE (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Vitamin D deficiency in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection

S. K. Singh et al.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2020)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Type 2 Diabetes: How Much of an Autoimmune Disease?

Paola de Candia et al.

FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY (2019)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Ending diabetes in Mexico

Mathieu Levaillant et al.

LANCET (2019)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

Astrid Petersmann et al.

EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & DIABETES (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Comorbid diabetes results in immune dysregulation and enhanced disease severity following MERS-CoV infection

Kirsten A. Kulcsar et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2019)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes, Prediabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Zubin Punthakee et al.

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES (2018)

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Editorial Material Endocrinology & Metabolism

Complications of Diabetes 2017

Konstantinos Papatheodorou et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2018)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: molecular insights and therapeutic strategies

Raminderjit Kaur et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2018)

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Review Cell Biology

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus drive immune dysfunction, infection development, and sepsis mortality

Lynnm. Frydrych et al.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Hematology

Platelet Activation and Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregates in Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Asmaa M. Zahran et al.

CLINICAL AND APPLIED THROMBOSIS-HEMOSTASIS (2018)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Role of Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Tong Zhou et al.

JOURNAL OF DIABETES RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus in Mexico

Rosalba Rojas-Martinez et al.

SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO (2018)

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Bang-An Luo et al.

NUTRIENTS (2017)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Macrovascular Complications in Patients with Diabetes and Prediabetes

Dou Huang et al.

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2017)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Diabetes microvascular complications-A clinical update

H. Khalil

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2017)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes

Michael J. Berridge

BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL (2017)

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Letter Virology

Risk factors for severity and mortality in patients with MERS-CoV: Analysis of publicly available data from Saudi Arabia

Gouri Rani Banik et al.

VIROLOGICA SINICA (2016)

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Review Immunology

Immunological mechanisms contributing to the double burden of diabetes and intracellular bacterial infections

Kelly Hodgson et al.

IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Ophthalmology

Association of polymorphisms of angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 with retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus among Chinese individuals

N. Meng et al.

EYE (2015)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Neurological Consequences of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Initial Presentation of Type 1 Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort Study of Children

Fergus J. Cameron et al.

DIABETES CARE (2014)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

The ACE2 gene: its potential as a functional candidate for cardiovascular disease

Louise M. Burrell et al.

CLINICAL SCIENCE (2013)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: new players of the renin-angiotensin system

Robson A. S. Santos et al.

JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2013)

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Review Immunology

ACE2-From the renin-angiotensin system to gut microbiota and malnutrition

Thomas Perlot et al.

MICROBES AND INFECTION (2013)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Association of ACE2 Genetic Variants With Blood Pressure, Left Ventricular Mass, and Cardiac Function in Caucasians With Type 2 Diabetes

Sheila K. Patel et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION (2012)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation

Tatsuo Hashimoto et al.

NATURE (2012)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: The First Decade

Nicola E. Clarke et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION (2012)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6

Juergen Scheller et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH (2011)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Investigation of ACE, ACE2 and AGTR1 genes for association with nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes mellitus

D. Currie et al.

DIABETIC MEDICINE (2010)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Expression of ACE and ACE2 in individuals with diabetic kidney disease and healthy controls

Sonoo Mizuiri et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES (2008)

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Review Physiology

Recent advances in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas axis

Robson A. S. Santos et al.

EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY (2008)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the brain: properties and future directions

Huijing Xia et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY (2008)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Decreased glomerular and tubular expression of ACE2 in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease

Heather N. Reich et al.

KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL (2008)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Comorbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus: impact on medical health care utilization

Jeroen N. Struijs et al.

BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH (2006)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Polymorphisms in the gene encoding angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 and diabetic nephropathy

S Fröjdö et al.

DIABETOLOGIA (2005)

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Article Oncology

Exploring the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): the tissue distribution of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and its putative receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)

KF To et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2004)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2: a molecular and cellular perspective

FJ Warner et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2004)

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Article Oncology

Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis

I Hamming et al.

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2004)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Characterization of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in diabetic nephropathy

C Tikellis et al.

HYPERTENSION (2003)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Glucose-induced β cell production of IL-1β contributes to glucotoxicity in human pancreatic islets

K Maedler et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2002)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Glucose induces β-cell apoptosis via upregulation of the Fas receptor in human islets

K Maedler et al.

DIABETES (2001)

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