期刊
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
卷 191, 期 -, 页码 188-200出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2017.04.010
关键词
Deltas; Sedimentation; Cold fronts; Hurricanes; River floods; Deltaic floodplain wetlands; USA; Louisiana; Wax Lake Delta
资金
- National Science Foundation via the National Center for Earth-Surface Dynamics [EAR-0120914]
- Frontiers of Earth Surface Dynamics [OCE-1135427]
- Coastal SEES program at LSU [EAR-1427389]
- U.S. Shell Oil
- NOAA's Office of Ocean and Atmospheric Research, U.S. Depai Latent of Commerce [R/MMR-33]
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1427389] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Deltas are globally important locations of diverse ecosystems, human settlement, and economic activity that are threatened by reductions in sediment delivery, accelerated sea level rise, and subsidence. Here we investigated the relative contribution of river flooding, hurricanes, and cold fronts on elevation change in the prograding Wax Lake Delta (WLD). Sediment surface elevation was measured across 87 plots, eight times from February 2008 to August 2011. The high peak discharge river floods in 2008 and 2011 resulted in the greatest mean net elevation gain of 5.4 to 4.9 cm over each flood season, respectively. The highest deltaic wetland sediment retention (13.5% of total sediment discharge) occurred during the 2008 river flood despite lower total and peak discharge compared to 2011. Hurricanes Gustav and Ike resulted in a total net elevation gain of 1.2 cm, but the long-term contribution of hurricane derived sediments to deltaic wetlands was estimated to be just 22% of the long-term contribution of large river floods. Winter cold front passage resulted in a net loss in elevation that is equal to the elevation gain from lower discharge river floods and was consistent across years. This amount of annual loss in elevation from cold fronts could effectively negate the long-term land building capacity within the delta without the added elevation gain from both high and low discharge river floods. The current lack of inclusion of cold front elevation loss in most predictive numerical models likely overestimates the land building capacity in areas that experience similar forcings to WLD. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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