Barrow holographic dark energy in a nonflat universe

We construct Barrow holographic dark energy in the case of nonflat universe. In particular, considering closed and open spatial geometry we extract the differential equations that determine the evolution of the dark-energy density parameter, and we provide the analytical expression for the corresponding dark energy equation-of-state parameter. We show that the scenario can describe the thermal history of the universe, with the sequence of matter and dark energy epochs. Comparing to the flat case, where the phantom regime is obtained for relative large Barrow exponents, the incorporation of positive curvature leads the universe into the phantom regime for significantly smaller values. Additionally, in the case of negative curvature we find a reversed behavior, namely for increased Barrow exponent we acquire algebraically higher darkenergy equation-of-state parameters. Furthermore, we confront the scenario with Hubble parameter measurements and supernova type Ia data. Hence, the incorporation of slightly non-flat spatial geometry to Barrow holographic dark energy improves the phenomenology while keeping the new Barrow exponent to smaller values.

Automated summary

The study discusses the construction of Barrow holographic dark energy in nonflat universe, deriving differential equations for the evolution of dark-energy density parameter and providing analytical expression for the dark energy equation-of-state parameter. The scenario is shown to describe the thermal history of the universe and the sequence of matter and dark energy epochs. Comparisons with flat cases and different spatial geometries reveal interesting behaviors in the evolution of dark-energy equation-of-state parameters under Barrow exponent variations. Incorporating slightly non-flat spatial geometry improves the phenomenology of Barrow holographic dark energy while maintaining smaller values for the new Barrow exponent.