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Hallmarks of immune response in COVID-19: Exploring dysregulation and exhaustion

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Methylprednisolone as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19; Metcovid): A Randomized, Double-blind, Phase IIb, Placebo-controlled Trial

Christiane Maria Prado Jeronimo et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of methylprednisolone (MP) among hospitalized patients with suspected COVID-19 and found that a short course of MP did not reduce mortality in the overall population. However, patients over 60 years old in the MP group had a lower mortality rate, suggesting potential benefits for this age group.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Pathology

Immunopathology of Hyperinflammation in COVID-19

Joshua N. Gustine et al.

Summary: The rapid spread of COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented global public health crisis with recent studies suggesting that the hyperinflammatory syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 is a contributing factor to disease severity and mortality. Pathophysiological research shows that the hyperinflammatory syndrome in severe COVID-19 results from a dysregulated innate immune response. Current potential therapeutic approaches are being investigated to modulate the immune response and mitigate lung injury in severe COVID-19.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Unique immunological profile in patients with COVID-19

Stefania Varchetta et al.

Summary: The study found abnormal immune responses in COVID-19 patients, including exhaustion of NK cells and CD8(+)T cells, elevated levels of IL-6, and excessive secretion of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes. Patients with poor outcomes exhibited more severe immune dysregulation.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Research in the Context of a Pandemic

H. Clifford Lane et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Methylprednisolone for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Was Benjamin Rush Prescient?

Jeffrey L. Lennox

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Allergy

Characterization of the cytokine storm reflects hyperinflammatory endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19

Jonathan T. Sims et al.

Summary: This study investigated circulating biomarkers in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, revealing a hyperinflammatory environment and markers of vascular endothelial damage in patients. As the disease progresses, there is significant dysregulation of immune response proteins.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Compassionate use of JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib for severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study

Alessandro M. Vannucchi et al.

Summary: In severe cases of COVID-19, treatment with Ruxolitinib may improve pulmonary function and clinical symptoms, with further research needed to determine its efficacy in controlled clinical trials.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between Early Treatment With Tocilizumab and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19

Shruti Gupta et al.

Summary: A multicenter cohort study found that early treatment with tocilizumab may reduce mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19. Further research from randomized clinical trials is needed to confirm these findings.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Tocilizumab vs Standard Care on Clinical Worsening in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia A Randomized Clinical Trial

Carlo Salvarani et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the use of tocilizumab in hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients and found no significant benefit compared to standard care. Further randomized clinical trials with blinded, placebo-controlled methods are needed to confirm these results and explore potential applications of tocilizumab in different stages of the disease.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

COVID-19 vaccines: where we stand and challenges ahead

Guido Forni et al.

Summary: The development of vaccines has made significant progress, but still faces various challenges, including different target populations, immunological adaptability of vaccines, and production and distribution issues. To ensure equitable access, protection of diverse subjects, and immunity against viral variants, multiple vaccines may be needed in the long run.

CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION (2021)

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Editorial Material Microbiology

COVID-19: it is all about sepsis

Jean-Louis Vincent

FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

The central role of the nasal microenvironment in the transmission, modulation, and clinical progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Oreste Gallo et al.

Summary: This study critically reviews the latest molecular and cellular findings on the mucosal response to SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal cavity and in NALT, and analyzes its impact on the subsequent course of COVID-19. The possibility of modulating the systemic inflammatory network against the virus starting from the initial phases of the nasal and nasopharyngeal response is explored, with potential clinical and epidemiological implications for mucosal vaccine development.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Circuits between infected macrophages and T cells in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

Rogan A. Grant et al.

Summary: The study found that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have enriched T cells and monocytes in the alveolar space, suggesting that the virus infects alveolar macrophages and induces T cell production of interferon-, leading to inflammation and persistent alveolitis.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19

A. C. Kalil et al.

Summary: Combination treatment with baricitinib plus remdesivir was superior to remdesivir alone in reducing recovery time and accelerating improvement in clinical status among patients with Covid-19, notably among those receiving high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation. The combination was associated with fewer serious adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Early induction of functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associates with rapid viral clearance and mild disease in COVID-19 patients

Anthony T. Tan et al.

Summary: This study found that early induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells was present in patients with mild disease and accelerated viral clearance, while rapid induction and quantity of humoral responses were associated with an increase in disease severity. These findings highlight the importance of early functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in both vaccine design and immune monitoring.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients

Anna C. Aschenbrenner et al.

Summary: This study provides novel insights into distinct molecular subgroups or phenotypes that are not simply explained by clinical parameters. Whole blood transcriptomes are shown to be extremely informative for COVID-19 as they capture the major drivers of disease severity, granulocytes.

GENOME MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Critical Care Medicine

The right place for IL-1 inhibition in COVID-19

Giulio Cavalli et al.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Lymphopenia as a Biological Predictor of Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Jongmin Lee et al.

Summary: This study from a Korean nationwide cohort suggests that lymphopenia and its severity levels can serve as reliable predictive factors for COVID-19 clinical outcomes, including mortality, need for intensive care, and oxygen requirements. Lymphopenia at the initial presentation of COVID-19 is associated with poor prognosis, and the intensity of lymphopenia is independently associated with higher COVID-19 mortality.

CANCERS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chemokines and chemokine receptors during COVID-19 infection

Bariaa A. Khalil et al.

Summary: Chemokines play a crucial role in the immune response by clearing pathogens, but their excessive release can lead to hyperinflammation and severe complications. In COVID-19, chemokines may directly cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, increasing the risk of death. Understanding the role of chemokines in COVID-19 pathogenesis is important for developing potential therapeutic targets.

COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Seasonal human coronavirus antibodies are boosted upon SARS-CoV-2 infection but not associated with protection

Elizabeth M. Anderson et al.

Summary: Our research indicates that most individuals had antibodies against other seasonal human coronaviruses before the COVID-19 pandemic. Around 20% of these individuals also had antibodies that cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2, but these antibodies did not offer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections or hospitalizations.

CELL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Anakinra for patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of non-randomized cohort studies.

Laura Pasin et al.

Summary: Meta-analysis of studies on anakinra in COVID-19 patients suggests that its use may be associated with reduced mortality and need for mechanical ventilation, with no observed increase in adverse events. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Longitudinal profiling of respiratory and systemic immune responses reveals myeloid cell-driven lung inflammation in severe COVID-19

Peter A. Szabo et al.

Summary: This study investigated the immune responses in the respiratory tract and blood of severe COVID-19 patients, revealing that T cells in the airways showed protective profiles while myeloid cells exhibited hyperinflammatory signatures. These findings provide important insights for understanding and treating COVID-19 lung pathology.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Compared With Severe Acute COVID-19

Leora R. Feldstein et al.

Summary: Comparing the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with MIS-C and COVID-19 can help distinguish between the two conditions and improve health outcomes. Patterns of clinical presentation and organ system involvement were identified in this case series, providing valuable information for differentiation of MIS-C and COVID-19.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 induces human plasmacytoid predendritic cell diversification via UNC93B and IRAK4

Fanny Onodi et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that human pDCs can be efficiently activated by SARS-CoV-2 particles and may contribute to type I IFN-dependent immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nina Le Bert et al.

Summary: The efficacy of virus-specific T cells in clearing pathogens involves a delicate balance between antiviral and inflammatory responses. Asymptomatic individuals clearing SARS-CoV-2 showed increased production of IFN-gamma and IL-2, along with a proportional secretion of IL-10 and proinflammatory cytokines, while symptomatic individuals displayed a disproportionate secretion of inflammatory cytokines triggered by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell activation.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Increased PD-L1 Expression May Be Associated With the Cytokine Storm and CD8+ T-Cell Exhaustion in Severe COVID-19

Jiezhong Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection

Jianmin Zuo et al.

Summary: The study shows that functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are retained and robust at 6 months following infection, with higher T cell responses observed in donors who had experienced symptomatic infection. Levels of nucleoprotein-specific T cells were correlated with nucleoprotein-specific antibody levels, providing insights into the persistence and correlation of immune responses.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Baricitinib Therapy in Covid-19 Pneumonia - An Unmet Need Fulfilled

Delia Goletti et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibition in Covid-19-Cooling the Inflammatory Soup

Eric J. Rubin et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients with Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia

I. O. Rosas et al.

Summary: In this randomized trial involving hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, the use of tocilizumab did not result in significantly better clinical status or lower mortality than placebo at 28 days.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19

Anthony C. Gordon et al.

Summary: Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists tocilizumab and sarilumab were found to improve outcomes, including survival, in critically ill patients with Covid-19 receiving organ support in ICUs according to an ongoing international trial. The efficacy of these treatments has been confirmed, with patients benefiting from the therapy.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Dual Nature of Type I Interferons in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Inflammation

Cecile King et al.

Summary: Inhibition of IFN-I by SARS-CoV-2 can worsen the disease and affect the immune response, but therapeutic boosting of IFN-I has a narrow time window for efficacy. Further research is needed to explore therapeutic approaches and vaccine design to counteract this limitation.

TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Deciphering the state of immune silence in fatal COVID-19 patients

Pierre Bost et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients show unique immune features, including lung accumulation of naive lymphoid cells, systemic expansion and activation of myeloid cells, and immune suppression. Loss of monocyte-driven and neutrophil-driven immune suppression may lead to fatal outcomes in severe patients. On the other hand, a lung CXCR6(+) effector memory T cell subset may be associated with better prognosis in severe COVID-19 patients.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Sarbecovirus ORF6 proteins hamper induction of interferon signaling

Izumi Kimura et al.

Summary: The presence of ORF6 gene in sarbecoviruses like SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 inhibits innate immune signaling, including interference with type I interferon upregulation. ORF6 proteins from SARS-CoV-2 lineages are more efficient antagonists of innate immunity than those from SARS-CoV lineages, with key determinants identified as residues E46 and Q56. Additionally, ORF6's anti-innate immune activity relies on its C-terminal region and involves inhibition of IRF3 nuclear translocation, with some SARS-CoV-2 isolates showing inactivating mutations in ORF6.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Metabolomic/lipidomic profiling of COVID-19 and individual response to tocilizumab

Gaia Meoni et al.

Summary: The research analyzed the metabolites of COVID-19 patients and controls using NMR, finding common plasma metabolomic and lipidomic signatures in COVID-19 patients. Tocilizumab treatment was shown to partially reverse the metabolic alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Sarilumab in patients admitted to hospital with severe or critical COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Francois-Xavier Lescure et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sarilumab in patients with severe or critical COVID-19, but found no significant efficacy in patients admitted to the hospital receiving supplemental oxygen. Future adequately powered trials of targeted immunomodulatory therapies with survival as a primary endpoint are suggested for patients with critical COVID-19.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Immune Memory in Mild COVID-19 Patients and Unexposed Donors Reveals Persistent T Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Asgar Ansari et al.

Summary: The study found cross-reactive CD4(+) T cells against SARS-CoV-2 in unexposed individuals, and detected immune memory in mild COVID-19 patients several months after recovery, particularly targeting the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Clonal expansion and activation of tissue-resident memory-like T(H)17 cells expressing GM-CSF in the lungs of patients with severe COVID-19

Yu Zhao et al.

Summary: Hyperinflammation contributes to lung injury in severe COVID-19, with T-RM 17 cells identified as potential orchestrators of this process. High levels of IL-17A and GM-CSF were associated with a more severe clinical course in patients with COVID-19.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Hematology

A neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19

Matthew L. Meizlish et al.

Summary: Pathologic immune hyperactivation, particularly neutrophil activation, plays a central role in severe COVID-19, with early markers predicting clinical decompensation and higher mortality rates. These findings highlight the importance of understanding immune responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Functional monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells increase in blood but not airways and predict COVID-19 severity

Sara Falck-Jones et al.

Summary: The frequency of M-MDSCs is elevated in the blood of patients with COVID-19, suppressing T cells and strongly associated with disease severity.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Similarities and differences between the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19-related pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome and Kawasaki disease

Ana Esteve-Sole et al.

Summary: Research findings suggest that circulating cytokines are significantly elevated in patients with MIS-C and KD, with IFN-gamma-induced response markers and inflammatory monocyte activation markers being the main triggers of inflammation. A subgroup of MIS-C patients (MIS-C-plus) showed differentiation from other MIS-C patients in certain cytokines, indicating incipient signs of macrophage activation syndrome.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Immunology

Pronounce expression of Tim-3 and CD39 but not PD1 defines CD8 T cells in critical Covid-19 patients

Mehdi Shahbazi et al.

Summary: The study found that the percentage of CD8+ cells in COVID-19 patients was significantly lower, and patients were more likely to have an increased frequency of CD8+ TIM-3+, CD8+ CD39+, and CD8+ TIM-3+ CD39+ cells. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of CD8+ PD-1+ cell counts.

MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Single-cell RNA sequencing of blood antigen-presenting cells in severe COVID-19 reveals multi-process defects in antiviral immunity

Melissa Saichi et al.

Summary: Saichi et al. conducted single-cell RNA-seq analysis on APCs isolated from COVID-19 patients, revealing defects in antiviral immune response in specific APC subsets. The study identified multiple mechanisms contributing to these defects, such as increased pro-apoptotic pathways, decreased innate sensor expression, downregulation of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes, and inhibition of antigen presentation. These findings may explain disease progression in severe patients and suggest potential strategies to restore immune defense.

NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single-cell multi-omics analysis of the immune response in COVID-19

Emily Stephenson et al.

Summary: Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of blood samples from individuals with COVID-19 reveals immune cell and hematopoietic progenitor cell alterations that are differentially associated with disease severity.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Rheumatology

Effect of anakinra on mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis

Evdoxia Kyriazopoulou et al.

Summary: Anakinra may reduce mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly in those with signs of high inflammation, showing significant survival benefits.

LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY (2021)

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Correction Cell Biology

Cell-type-specific immune dysregulation in severely ill COVID-19 patients (vol 34, pg 108590-1, 2021)

Changfu Yao et al.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Extensive activation, tissue trafficking, turnover and functional impairment of NK cells in COVID-19 patients at disease onset associates with subsequent disease severity

Federica Bozzano et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe respiratory involvement (COVID-19) in 5-20% of patients due to initial immune dysregulation, intense cytokine production, and vascular leakage. NK cells play a crucial role in controlling early virus replication and regulating adaptive responses, but their dysregulation in COVID-19 is not well understood. This study found that NK cell activation, trafficking, and the presence of certain cell subsets are associated with disease progression and may offer insights for future therapeutic strategies.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Immune Profile in Patients With COVID-19: Lymphocytes Exhaustion Markers in Relationship to Clinical Outcome

Anna Bobcakova et al.

Summary: Immune parameters such as lymphocyte depletion and exhaustion of immune cell subsets can help predict the outcomes and severity of COVID-19. Certain markers like CD38 and PD-1 expression levels on specific immune cells may serve as potential biomarkers for poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 Induces Lymphocytopenia by Promoting Inflammation and Decimates Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Qun Xiang et al.

Summary: The study retrospectively reviewed clinical and immunological data from fatal COVID-19 cases and found severe lymphocytopenia with high levels of inflammatory cytokines. Post-mortem examinations of additional cases showed severe tissue damage and lymphocyte apoptosis in spleens and lymph nodes, where SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA accumulates, leading to lymphocytopenia. Overall, the results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 induces lymphocytopenia by promoting systemic inflammation and direct damage to human spleen and lymph nodes.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dexamethasone in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Whether, When and to Whom

Luigino Calzetta et al.

Summary: Dexamethasone shows varying effectiveness in COVID-19 patients, with considerations needed for specific patient groups based on factors such as age, gender, and duration of symptoms. It should be avoided in patients not requiring respiratory support.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Distinct antibody and memory B cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 naive and recovered individuals after mRNA vaccination

Rishi R. Goel et al.

Summary: mRNA vaccines exhibit robust serological and cellular priming, with naïve individuals requiring two doses for optimal antibody responses, especially against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for spike protein and RBD were efficiently primed by vaccination, while recovered individuals showed significant boosting after the first dose, correlating with preexisting memory B cell levels. Identifying distinct responses based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure suggests that recovered subjects may only need one vaccine dose for peak responses, which can inform vaccine distribution strategies in resource-limited settings.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

A specific low-density neutrophil population correlates with hypercoagulation and disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Samantha M. Morrissey et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients exhibit a population of low-density inflammatory neutrophils expressing intermediate levels of CD16, which play a role in the associated coagulopathy, systemic inflammation, and ARDS. Monitoring the frequency of this LDN subset in the circulation may serve as an adjunct clinical marker for disease status and progression, as it is associated with D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels.

JCI INSIGHT (2021)

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Article Immunology

Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

Mark M. Painter et al.

Summary: The study found that after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, CD4(+) T cell responses in naïve individuals were fast, while CD8(+) T cell responses developed gradually. Th1 and Tfh cell responses after the first dose were correlated with post-boost CD8(+) T cells and neutralizing antibodies.

IMMUNITY (2021)

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Review Immunology

The effect of tocilizumab on COVID-19 patient mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Wei-Ting Lin et al.

Summary: Tocilizumab does not provide a survival benefit for patients with COVID-19, but it may help reduce the risk of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit admission. Additionally, tocilizumab has been shown to be a safe agent for the treatment of COVID-19.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Canakinumab vs Placebo on Survival Without Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Hospitalized With Severe COVID-19 A Randomized Clinical Trial

Roberto Caricchio et al.

Summary: This clinical trial compared the efficacy of canakinumab vs placebo on survival without invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. The results showed that treatment with canakinumab did not significantly increase the likelihood of survival without IMV compared to placebo.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Early treatment of COVID-19 with anakinra guided by soluble urokinase plasminogen receptor plasma levels: a double-blind, randomized controlled phase 3 trial

Evdoxia Kyriazopoulou et al.

Summary: The SAVE-MORE phase 3 study demonstrated the efficacy of anakinra, an IL-1 alpha/beta inhibitor, in patients with COVID-19 and high serum levels of soluble plasminogen activator receptor, showing significant reduction in clinical deterioration and decreased 28-day mortality.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Andrew J. McArdle et al.

Summary: This international observational cohort study found no significant difference in the recovery from MIS-C after primary treatment with IVIG alone, IVIG plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, although significant differences may emerge as more data accrue.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Immunotherapy for MIS-C - IVIG, Glucocorticoids, and Biologics

Roberta L. DeBiasi

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children - Initial Therapy and Outcomes

Mary Beth F. Son et al.

Summary: Initial treatment with IVIG plus glucocorticoids was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular dysfunction compared to IVIG alone in children with MIS-C.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses are lower in children and increase with age and time after infection

Carolyn A. Cohen et al.

Summary: This study shows that infected children have lower CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 proteins compared to infected adults. Children also have reduced CD4(+) T cell effector memory but comparable T cell polyfunctionality.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell memory is sustained in COVID-19 convalescent patients for 10 months with successful development of stem cell-like memory T cells

Jae Hyung Jung et al.

Summary: The study reveals that memory T cell responses can be detected in convalescent COVID-19 patients up to 317 days post-symptom onset, indicating potential long-lasting immunity, especially with the presence of stem cell-like memory T cells.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Antibody landscape against SARS-CoV-2 reveals significant differences between non-structural/accessory and structural proteins

Yang Li et al.

Summary: This study found that non-structural/accessory proteins of SARS-CoV-2 elicit prevalent IgG responses, which are associated with disease severity and clinical outcome, declining sharply about 20 days after symptom onset. Global antibody responses to these proteins may facilitate a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunology.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Immunology

PD-L1 Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients

Francesco Sabbatino et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to severe social and medical consequences, including a subset of patients with rapidly worsening severe-critical manifestations. Prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to address this issue. Dysregulated immune response, particularly involving immune checkpoint molecules like PD-1 and PD-L1, play a significant role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Serum levels of PD-L1 have shown to have a prognostic role in COVID-19 patients, indicating the potential for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in clinical studies.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Immunology

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in COVID-19

Marianna Rowlands et al.

Summary: The clinical presentations of COVID-19 are highly variable, and the pathophysiological mechanisms that govern different disease courses are still poorly understood. Severity of COVID-19 may be associated with dysregulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs play a crucial role in COVID-19 infection by modulating T-cell responses and promoting an inflammatory state through secretion of mediators.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern partially escape humoral but not T- cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent donors and vaccinees

Daryl Geers et al.

Summary: This study suggests that some variants might partially escape humoral immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or BNT162b2 vaccination, but the S-specific CD4(+) T-cell activation is not affected by the mutations in the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity persists through 9 months irrespective of COVID-19 severity at hospitalisation

John Tyler Sandberg et al.

Summary: The study observed an increase in germinal centre activity, substantial expansion of antibody-secreting cells, and generation of neutralizing antibodies during acute COVID-19. Despite decreasing antibody levels, persistent neutralizing antibody titres and specific memory B cell responses along with polyfunctional T cell responses were still observed at 5 and 9 months after symptom onset in both moderate and severe COVID-19 patients.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells

Kristen W. Cohen et al.

Summary: The study reveals that COVID-19 patients have durable broad-based immune responses, including the continuous generation of antibodies, memory B cells, and polyfunctional T cells, which help to rapidly generate antibody responses against virus re-exposure or vaccination.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in infected or vaccinated individuals

Alison Tarke et al.

Summary: The study showed that SARS-CoV-2 variants do not significantly disrupt total T cell reactivity, although decreases in response frequency of 10%-22% were observed under certain assay/VOC combinations. This underscores the importance of actively monitoring T cell responses in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

One dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine exponentially increases antibodies in individuals who have recovered from symptomatic COVID-19

Riccardo Levi et al.

Summary: A study showed that individuals with prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2 had a significant increase in antibody response within 5 to 18 days after receiving the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Symptomatic individuals reached a high titer of antibodies with just one dose, suggesting that a second dose may not be necessary.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody Responses One Year after Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Pyoeng Gyun Choe et al.

Summary: Despite declining immunity, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can still be detected up to one year after infection, even in mild COVID-19 patients, as shown in this study.

JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

First-dose mRNA vaccination is sufficient to reactivate immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 in subjects who have recovered from COVID-19

Alessio Mazzoni et al.

Summary: The study suggests that COVID-19-recovered individuals may not need a second vaccine dose to further enhance immune response, while naive individuals require a second dose for increased immunity. This indicates that redirecting vaccine doses from COVID-19-recovered individuals to naive individuals could shorten the time to achieve herd immunity.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The dynamics of inflammatory markers in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Roshan Kumar Mahat et al.

Summary: This paper conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of inflammatory parameters with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. The results showed significant differences in levels of certain inflammatory parameters between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients, as well as between non-survivor and survivor groups.

CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Review Immunology

Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19

Lianpan Dai et al.

Summary: The urgent need for vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of multiple vaccine candidates, with some showing positive results in late-stage clinical trials. This article discusses the viral elements used in these candidates, the reasons why they are good targets for the immune system, and their implications for protective immunity. Dai and Gao highlight the importance of selecting the right viral targets in vaccine development to ensure an effective immune response and the overall safety and efficacy of the vaccine.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The role of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19: implications for treatment

Yifei Wang et al.

Summary: Tregs play a crucial role in COVID-19, influencing disease severity and immunopathology mechanisms. They may help regulate immune responses in the early stages and alleviate organ damage in the later stages.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

Dawei Wang et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

W. Guan et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pulmonary Arterial Thrombosis in COVID-19 With Fatal Outcome Results From a Prospective, Single-Center, Clinicopathologic Case Series

Sigurd F. Lax et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19

Daniel Blanco-Melo et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals

Alba Grifoni et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Heightened Innate Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of COVID-19 Patients

Zhuo Zhou et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure

Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2020)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients

Meijuan Zheng et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

An Inflammatory Profile Correlates With Decreased Frequency of Cytotoxic Cells in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Veronica Bordoni et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Detectable Serum Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load (RNAemia) Is Closely Correlated With Drastically Elevated Interleukin 6 Level in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Xiaohua Chen et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China

Chuan Qin et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Early experience of an infectious and tropical diseases unit during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Florence, Italy, February to March 2020

Filippo Lagi et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2020)

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Review Immunology

Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science

Nicolas Vabret et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Allergy

COVID-19: Unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis

Enrico Maggi et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Allergy

Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial

Yang Cao et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Allergy

Plasma IP-10 and MCP-3 levels are highly associated with disease severity and predict the progression of COVID-19

Yang Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019

Guang Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, Research & Experimental

SARS-CoV-2: a storm is raging

Savannah F. Pedersen et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Review Immunology

The many faces of the anti-COVID immune response

Santosha A. Vardhana et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab

Xiaoling Xu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: A clinical?therapeutic staging proposal

Hasan K. Siddiqi et al.

JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION (2020)

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Review Infectious Diseases

The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhenwei Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19

John B. Moore et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Editorial Material Oncology

Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19

Sangya Agarwal et al.

CANCER DISCOVERY (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression

Puja Mehta et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Immunology

Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Bo Diao et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients

Jin Liu et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19

Mingfeng Liao et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Severe Covid-19

David A. Berlin et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19

Maximilian Ackermann et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Interleukin-6 blockade with sarilumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with systemic hyperinflammation: an open-label cohort study

Emanuel Della-Torre et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Expansion of plasmablasts and loss of memory B cells in peripheral blood from COVID-19 patients with pneumonia

Sara De Biasi et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Hematology

Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome

Elizabeth A. Middleton et al.

BLOOD (2020)

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Letter Respiratory System

JAK inhibitors in COVID-19: the need for vigilance regarding increased inherent thrombotic risk

Puja Mehta et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Severe COVID-19 Is Marked by a Dysregulated Myeloid Cell Compartment

Jonas Schulte-Schrepping et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Immunology

Next-Generation Sequencing of T and B Cell Receptor Repertoires from COVID-19 Patients Showed Signatures Associated with Severity of Disease

Christoph Schultheiss et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical value of immune-inflammatory parameters to assess the severity of coronavirus disease 2019

Zhe Zhu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Hematology

Absolute lymphocyte count is a prognostic marker in Covid-19: A retrospective cohort review

Jason Wagner et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Allergy

Prompt Predicting of Early Clinical Deterioration of Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19 Patients: Usefulness of a Combined Score Using IL-6 in a Preliminary Study

Alessandra Vultaggio et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2020)

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Article Hematology

Haematological characteristics and risk factors in the classification and prognosis evaluation of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

Danying Liao et al.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Allergy

Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity following CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies

Craig W. Freyer et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons

Ulrike Felgenhauer et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19

Leticia Kuri-Cervantes et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

Daniela Weiskopf et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19

Jeong Seok Lee et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Immunologic timeline of Ebola virus disease and recovery in humans

Anita K. McElroy et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Severe immunosuppression and not a cytokine storm characterizes COVID-19 infections

Kenneth E. Remy et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Cytokine profile in plasma of severe COVID-19 does not differ from ARDS and sepsis

Jennifer G. Wilson et al.

JCI INSIGHT (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent

Alessio Mazzoni et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Use of Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nicola Veronese et al.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling

Benjamin Israelow et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Lymphopenia in severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis

Ian Huang et al.

JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Definition and Risks of Cytokine Release Syndrome in 11 Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients With Pneumonia: Analysis of Disease Characteristics

Wenjun Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study

Luca Carsana et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19

Takuya Sekine et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Immunology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with COVID-19

Camila Rosat Consiglio et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Loss of Bcl-6-Expressing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Centers in COVID-19

Naoki Kaneko et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity

Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher et al.

CELL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19

Julian Braun et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls

Nina Le Bert et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium-immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis

Robert Lorenz Chua et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19

Aaron J. Wilk et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections

Quan-Xin Long et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in US Children and Adolescents

Leora R. Feldstein et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Childhood Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome - A New Challenge in the Pandemic

Michael Levin

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Sepsis and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Common Features and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Approaches

Jesus Beltran-Garcia et al.

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Cell-mediated and humoral adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are lower in asymptomatic than symptomatic COVID-19 patients

Alessio Mazzoni et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications

Divij Mathew et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients

Jerome Hadjadj et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Deciphering the TCR Repertoire to Solve the COVID-19 Mystery

Lucas Gutierrez et al.

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2020)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Targeting JAK-STAT Signaling to Control Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19

Wei Luo et al.

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Immunological and inflammatory profiles in mild and severe cases of COVID-19

Jin-Wen Song et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Sara De Biasi et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Quantitative and qualitative alterations of circulating myeloid cells and plasmacytoid DC in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Benedetta Peruzzi et al.

IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Immunology

Lymphopenia during the COVID-19 infection: What it shows and what can be learned

Soheil Tavakolpour et al.

IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Dynamic changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in adult patients with COVID-19

Zhifeng Deng et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 A Meta-analysis

Jonathan A. C. Sterne et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

COVID-19 severity associates with pulmonary redistribution of CD1c+ DCs and inflammatory transitional and nonclassical monocytes

Ildefonso Sanchez-Cerrillo et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Article Immunology

Phenotypical and functional alteration of unconventional T cells in severe COVID-19 patients

Youenn Jouan et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology

Flavio Protasio Veras et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

CD4+T, CD8+T counts and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis

Haipeng Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2020)

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Article Immunology

Postmortem Findings in Italian Patients With COVID-19: A Descriptive Full Autopsy Study of Cases With and Without Comorbidities

Laura Falasca et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Immunology

A Granulocytic Signature Identifies COVID-19 and Its Severity

Joana Vitte et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival

Diane Marie Del Valle et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis

Adam G. Laing et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19

John H. Stone et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Systems biological assessment of immunity to mild versus severe COVID-19 infection in humans

Prabhu S. Arunachalam et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

Qian Zhang et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Evasion of Type I Interferon by SARS-CoV-2

Hongjie Xia et al.

CELL REPORTS (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 ORF3b Is a Potent Interferon Antagonist Whose Activity Is Increased by a Naturally Occurring Elongation Variant

Yoriyuki Konno et al.

CELL REPORTS (2020)

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Article Immunology

Longitudinal Analysis of T and B Cell Receptor Repertoire Transcripts Reveal Dynamic Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients

Xuefeng Niu et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: When You Come Out of the Storm, You Won't Be the Same Person Who Walked in

Vanessa Castelli et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Natural killer cell immunotypes related to COVID-19 disease severity

Christopher Maucourant et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Longitudinal immune profiling reveals key myeloid signatures associated with COVID-19

Elizabeth R. Mann et al.

SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Hematology

Impaired natural killer cell counts and cytolytic activity in patients with severe COVID-19

Mohammed Osman et al.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2020)

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Article Immunology

Low-Avidity CD4+ T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Unexposed Individuals and Humans with Severe COVID-19

Petra Bacher et al.

IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Pulmonary vascular improvement in severe COVID-19 patients treated with tocilizumab

Lorenzo Salvati et al.

IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Cytokine Storm

David C. Fajgenbaum et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Tocilizumab for Covid-19-The Ongoing Search for Effective Therapies

Edmund Huang et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Blockage of interleukin-1β with canakinumab in patients with Covid-19

Lorenza Landi et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Rheumatology

Clinical criteria for COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory syndrome: a cohort study

Brandon J. Webb et al.

LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses and correlations with COVID-19 patient predisposition

Arne Sattler et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Early expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibits SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response and may predict fatal COVID-19 outcome

Alessandra Sacchi et al.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Pathology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with Fatal Coronavirus Disease, United States

Roosecelis B. Martines et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Systems-Level Immunomonitoring from Acute to Recovery Phase of Severe COVID-19

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CELL REPORTS MEDICINE (2020)

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Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study

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LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

T cell responses in patients with COVID-19

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics

Li Yang et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

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Review Immunology

The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention

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NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study

Li Tan et al.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2020)

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Letter Rheumatology

Canakinumab in a subgroup of patients with COVID-19

Claudio Ucciferri et al.

LANCET RHEUMATOLOGY (2020)

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Review Immunology

Emerging Principles in Myelopoiesis at Homeostasis and during Infection and Inflammation

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IMMUNITY (2019)

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Review Immunology

Tocilizumab for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-induced cytokine release syndrome

Chelsea Kotch et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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IL-6 and IL-8 secreted by tumour cells impair the function of NK cells via the STAT3 pathway in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Jian Wu et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2019)

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Review Immunology

Biological and clinical significance of T helper 17 cell plasticity

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IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Vascular Leak and Hypercytokinemia Associated with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection in Mice

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PATHOGENS (2019)

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Letter Critical Care Medicine

Clinical significance of lymphocytopenia in patients hospitalized with pneumonia caused by influenza virus

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CRITICAL CARE (2019)

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Review Urology & Nephrology

Advances in the understanding and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression

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NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY (2018)

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Management of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression

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CRITICAL CARE CLINICS (2018)

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A pattern-based approach to reactive lymphadenopathies

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SEMINARS IN DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY (2018)

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Review Oncology

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JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2018)

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Review Immunology

Epidemiology and Immune Pathogenesis of Viral Sepsis

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Rheumatology

A Review of Recent Advances Using Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases

Andrea Rubbert-Roth et al.

RHEUMATOLOGY AND THERAPY (2018)

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Article Immunology

Local Modulation of Antigen-Presenting Cell Development after Resolution of Pneumonia Induces Long-Term Susceptibility to Secondary Infections

Antoine Roquilly et al.

IMMUNITY (2017)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Understanding Immunosuppression after Sepsis

Fatemeh Fattahi et al.

IMMUNITY (2017)

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Dysregulated Type I Interferon and Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Responses Cause Lethal Pneumonia in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice

Rudragouda Channappanavar et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2016)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Balance between Hyperinflammation and Immunosuppression in Sepsis

Hemang Yadav et al.

SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Immunology

Transient Migration of Large Numbers of CD14++ CD16+ Monocytes to the Draining Lymph Node after Onset of Inflammation

Hege Lund et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Rheumatology

Inhibition of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity by Interleukin-6: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Macrophage Activation Syndrome

Loredana Cifaldi et al.

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (2015)

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Article Immunology

Peripheral CD27-CD21- B-cells represent an exhausted lymphocyte population in hepatitis C cirrhosis

Hiroyoshi Doi et al.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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An increased level of IL-6 suppresses NK cell activity in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis via regulation of SHP-2 expression

Young-Ju Kang et al.

HUMAN REPRODUCTION (2014)

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Article Immunology

Decoupling activation and exhaustion of B cells in spontaneous controllers of HIV infection

Gaia Sciaranghella et al.

AIDS (2013)

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Article Virology

Longitudinal analysis of leukocyte differentials in peripheral blood of patients with acute respiratory viral infections

Micah T. McClain et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2013)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Immunosuppression in sepsis: a novel understanding of the disorder and a new therapeutic approach

Richard S. Hotchkiss et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2013)

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Article Immunology

The three human monocyte subsets: implications for health and disease

Kok Loon Wong et al.

IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH (2012)

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Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

Douglas Hanahan et al.

CELL (2011)

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Expansion of a unique CD57+ NKG2Chi natural killer cell subset during acute human cytomegalovirus infection

Sandra Lopez-Verges et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Case Report of a Serious Adverse Event Following the Administration of T Cells Transduced With a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Recognizing ERBB2

Richard A. Morgan et al.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2010)

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Letter Immunology

Diagnostic Importance of Relative Lymphopenia as a Marker of Swine Influenza (H1N1) in Adults

Burke A. Cunha et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2009)

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Review Immunology

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system

Dmitry I. Gabrilovich et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2009)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

What caused lymphopenia in SARS and how reliable is the lymphokine status in glucocorticoid-treated patients?

N. S. Panesar

MEDICAL HYPOTHESES (2008)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

SARS: Systematic review of treatment effects

Lauren J. Stockman et al.

PLOS MEDICINE (2006)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus infection on peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subsets

ZP He et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2005)

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Article Cell Biology

Extrafollicular proliferation of B cells in the absence of follicular hyperplasia:: a distinct reaction pattern in lymph nodes correlated with primary or recall type responses

A Brighenti et al.

HISTOPATHOLOGY (2005)

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Article Immunology

Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome

CK Wong et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (2004)

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Article Virology

Effects of early corticosteroid treatment on plasma SARS-associated Coronavirus RNA concentrations in adult patients

N Lee et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2004)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong

N Lee et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2003)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

HIV-1 induces phenotypic and functional perturbations of B cells in chronically infected individuals

S Moir et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2001)

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